In this paper the concept of S-neighborhoods is introduced and we give a new characterization of L-topological vector spaces in terms of S-neighborhood base of θλ(λ ∈ M(L)). As an application, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition of a vector Ltopology determined by its level topologies. Copyright c ©2003 Yang’s Scientific Research Institute, LLC. All rights reserved.

sustainable transportation with the aim of urban sustainable development aims to improve the environmental quality and the socio-economic condition. one of the most important strategies for achieving sustainable transportation is planning and designing for walking, or in other words increasing urban walkability. therefore, increased walkability has become a key issue in urban planning. understa...

Spatial and temporal aberration detection methods for disease outbreaks in syndromic surveillance systems Dongmei Chen a , John Cunningham b , Kieran Moore c & Jie Tian d a Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada b Leeds, Grenville & Lanark District Health Unit, ON, Canada c Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada d Department of Geology & G...

Systematic chemical studies indicate that the capability of Watson-Crick base-pairing is widespread among potentially natural nucleic acid alternatives taken from RNA's close structural neighborhood. A comparison of RNA and such alternatives with regard to chemical properties that are fundamental to the biological function of RNA provides chemical facts that may contain clues to RNA's origin.

Variations in slope, exposure, relief and substrate over a short distance and their influences on plant function are poorly understood. We investigated the influences of soil hydrological characteristics on internal stem structure and hydraulic properties of downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) growing along a hill slope. Increment wood cores were extracted from the base and at breast height (B...

In the theory of schemes, faithfully flat descent is a very powerful tool. One wants a descent theory not only for quasi-coherent sheaves and morphisms of schemes (which is rather elementary), but also for geometric objects and properties of morphisms between them. In rigid-analytic geometry, descent theory for coherent sheaves was worked out by Bosch and Görtz [BG, 3.1] under some quasi-compac...

Nowadays, offering extended warranty is considered as a lucrative source of income from the perspective of the after-sale service providers. Meanwhile, the main concern is presence or absence of base warranty and strategies adopted by the manufacturer during this period. Moreover, extended warranty structure must be responsive and customer oriented, which not only control the services cost but ...

We are presenting in this volume selected, peer-reviewed, short papers that were presented at the 3rd International Conference on Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS’14) which took place in Djerba, Tunisia, during October 8-11, 2014.