introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the scanning electron microscope (sem) of indirect composite conditioned by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd:yag) laserand carbon dioxide (co2) laser. methods: 18 indirect composite blocks (gc gradia da2, japan) with 15 × 10 × 10 mm dimensions were made. the bonding s...

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an industrial xenoestrogen used widely in our living environment. Recently, several studies suggested that BPA has destructive effects on DNA and chromosomes in normal body cells via estrogen receptors (ER). Therefore, BPA could be considered as an important mediator in many diseases such as cancer. However, there are still many controversial issues which need clarification...

debonding is a common occurrence in orthodontic treatment and a considerable number of orthodontists prefer to rebond the detached brackets because of economic issues. the aim of this study was to compare the microleakage beneath rebonded stainless steel brackets using two methods of adhesive removal namely sandblast and laser.sixty human premolar teeth were randomly divided into three groups. ...

one of the main criteria in evaluating the restorative materials is the degree of microleakage. the aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of glass ionomer restored cavities prepared by er:yag laser or turbine and bur.twenty extracted caries-free deciduous posterior teeth were selected for this study. the teeth were randomly divided into two groups for cavity preparation. cavities in...

introduction: in recent years, significant developments have been taking place in caries removal and cavity preparation using laser in dentistry. as laser use is considered for cavity preparation, it is necessary to determine the quality of restoration margins. glass ionomer cements have great applications for conservative restoration in the pediatric field. the purpose of this in vitro study w...

introduction: indirect composites are developed to overcome the shortcomings of direct composites but, the adhesion of resin cements to indirect composites is still difficult. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface morphology of indirect resin composite treated by different powers of er:yaglaser using scanning electron microscopy (sem). methods: indirect resin composite blocks (g...

introduction: periodontal diseases are considered as some of the most common reasons of teeth loss, which occur due to the aggregation of microbial plaque and other precipitations on the dental surfaces . in this study, the scaling effect using manual tools, ultrasonic machine and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag)laser on the connection of the human gums connective tissue cells on t...

Estrogen is of importance for the regulation of adult bone metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of estrogen receptor(ER ) in vivo on global estrogen-regulated transcriptional activity in bone. The effect of estrogen in bone of ovariectomized mice was determined using microarray analysis including 9400 genes. Most of the genes (95% 240 genes) that were increased by ...