ÖZET Günümüzde internet kullan?m?n?n yayg?nla?mas?, elektronik ticaretin geli?imine neden olmu?, geli?imi de beraberinde birtak?m yenilikler getirmi?tir. ?nternet üzerinden yirmidört saat süreyle yap?lan ülke içi ve ülkeler aras? mal hizmet al?mlar?, para transferinde klasik ödeme araçlar?na alternatif baz? araçlar?n?n ortaya ç?kmas?na sebep olmu?tur. Bu geli?meler sonucu dijital kripto kavraml...

Resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers linked to Fusarium head blight resistance (FHB) and co-localize with Qfhs.ndsu-3BS were identified using F3 plants and F3:5 lines derived from a ‘Wangshuibai’ (resistant) / ‘Seri82’ (susceptible) cross. The mapping populations were genotyped using 50 degenerate primers designed based on the known R genes. Out of the 50 designed primer combinati...

In order to incorporate distributional concerns into cost-effectiveness analysis, it would be useful to elicit distributional weights that express people's valuation of marginal health gains at various levels of health. Distributional preferences are commonly elicited either through a person trade off (PTO) or a gain trade off (GTO) technique. An inherent problem of the GTO is that it is based ...

RPM1-interacting protein 4 (RIN4), a negative regulator of the basal defense response in plants, is targeted by multiple bacterial virulence effectors. We show that RIN4 degradation is induced by the effector AvrPto from Pseudomonas syringae and that this degradation in Solanaceous plants is dependent on the resistance protein, Pto, a protein kinase, and Prf, a nucleotide binding site-leucine-r...

When looking to our reflection, or moving a video-game character, we see our own movement preformed by an agent which is physically separated from our body. Yet, we consider the agent to be ourself. Using fMRI, we sought to explore the neural underpinnings of disembodiment, the cognitive mechanism under which the properties of the self are projected away from the boundaries of one's own body to...

Given the growing need to value health-related quality of life, a review of the literature relating to health state valuation techniques was undertaken to appraise the current theoretical and empirical evidence available to inform on the techniques, to identify consensus, identify disagreement and identify important areas for future research. A systematic search of the literature was conducted,...

The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) resistance gene Pto confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato carrying the avirulent gene avrPto. Overexpressing Pto under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter constitutively activates defense responses in the absence of pathogen infection and nonspecifically enhances disease resistance. To elucidate the ...

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) AGC protein kinase Adi3 functions as a suppressor of cell death and was first identified as an interactor with the tomato resistance protein Pto and the Pseudomonas syringae effector protein AvrPto. Models predict that loss of Adi3 cell death suppression (CDS) activity during Pto/AvrPto interaction leads to the cell death associated with the resistance response...