Abstract   Background: The Iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than their   Western counterparts. Evidence suggests that alterations in estrogen signaling pathways , including estrogen receptor-α (ER- α ), occur during breast cancer development in Caucasians. Epidemiologic studies have revealed that age-incidence patterns of breast cancer in Asians differ from those in Cauca...

background and aims. a proper bond must be created between the existing composite resin and the new one for successful repair. the aim of this study was to compare the effect of three mechanical surface treatments, using diamond bur, air abrasion, and er,cr:ysgg laser, on the repair bond strength of the silorane-based composite resin. materials and methods. sixty cylindrical composite resin spe...

o bjectives: bond strength of composite resin to enamel and dentin of primary teeth is lower than that to permanent teeth; therefore, it may compromise the ad- hesive bonding. new methods, such as laser application have been recently intro- duced for tooth preparation. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth preparation with bur and er:yag laser on shear bond strength of c...

introduction: smear layer (sl) is produced as a result of mechanical instrumentation of the canal(s). despite the controversies regarding its removal, the evidence-based trend has shifted towards removing and eliminating the sl. different methods have been used to remove the sl and the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), 18% etid...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the scanning electron microscope (sem) of indirect composite conditioned by erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (er:yag) laser, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd:yag) laserand carbon dioxide (co2) laser. methods: 18 indirect composite blocks (gc gradia da2, japan) with 15 × 10 × 10 mm dimensions were made. the bonding s...

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an industrial xenoestrogen used widely in our living environment. Recently, several studies suggested that BPA has destructive effects on DNA and chromosomes in normal body cells via estrogen receptors (ER). Therefore, BPA could be considered as an important mediator in many diseases such as cancer. However, there are still many controversial issues which need clarification...

debonding is a common occurrence in orthodontic treatment and a considerable number of orthodontists prefer to rebond the detached brackets because of economic issues. the aim of this study was to compare the microleakage beneath rebonded stainless steel brackets using two methods of adhesive removal namely sandblast and laser.sixty human premolar teeth were randomly divided into three groups. ...