هدف: سوء‌مصرف مواد عبارت است از الگوی غیرانطباقی مصرف که طریق پیامدهای نامطلوب عودکننده و قابل‌ملاحظه مرتبط با استعمال مکرر ظاهر می‌شود. متغیرهای چندگانه بر شدت، مدت درمان اختلالات سوءمصرف تأثیر می‌گذارند. برآوردها در سال ۲۰۱۷ نشان داد ۲۷۱ میلیون نفر جهان یک یا چند ماده‌مخدر استفاده کرده‌اند. پژوهش حاضر نوع علی‌-مقایسه‌ای بود، هدف مقایسه تکانشوری، استحکام من، ناگویی هیجانی حمایت اجتماعی ادراک‌ش...

fast food has become a prominent feature of diet and has grown into a dominant dietary pattern among youth worldwide. it is difficult to escape noticing the colourful edifice and bill boards of these food outlets, one is probably just around the corner of your street. mr biggs, tastes fried chicken, sweet sensation, big treat, favourite etc. due to competitive nature of the market many of the f...

the purpose of this research is to found the impact of built area and occupant number on winter gas consumption in the residential building sector of iran, shiraz.sothe annually and monthly gas consumption data through 19 houses were analyzed to achieve the heating energy consumption and operation month.the average operation months of gas heating consumption were from first of november up to en...

one of the most important parameters essential in different water supplies, treatment, transfer and distribution projects, is water consumption per capita. but unfortunately in many cases, statistics and date available in texts or irrelevant samplings are used. varamin is a region located in south east of tehran. among the most important problems in this region, insufficiency of personnel prolo...