We investigate the effect of parasitoid phenology on host-parasitoid population cycles. Recent experimental research has shown that parasitized hosts can continue to interact with their unparasitized counterparts through competition. Parasitoid phenology, in particular the timing of emergence from the host, determines the duration of this competition. We construct a discrete-time host-parasitoi...

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is not so frequent but it is a representative entity of hyponatremia. Although the clinical features were established by Bartter and Schwartz more than 30 years ago (1), a prototype of their diagnostic criteria has been applied so far. Hyponatremia is not a rare condition, especially in elderly persons. Nearly 1 to 5% of ho...

nowadays, agricultural r&d provides new and developed technologies to create modern agricultural producing methods. during recent years, improving agricultural productivity is affected by not only domestic r&d investments but also foreign countries r&d investments. nowadays, according to new growth models, r&d is the base of productivity. recent economic theories consider agricu...

OBJECTIVE The two-step approach recommended by the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG), Carpenter and Coustan (C&C), and O'Sullivan, and the single-step approach recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) are used to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to determine GDM prevalence and to compare the two-step and single-step appr...