INTRODUCTION Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been incorporated at several institutions for early stage laryngeal cancer (T1/T2N0M0), but its utility is controversial. METHODS In three representative patients, multiple plans were generated: 1) Conventional 2D planning, with the posterior border placed at either the anterior aspect ("tight" plan) or the mid-vertebral body ("loo...

There is no known, tractable, characterization of 3D rigidity of sets of points constrained by pairwise distances or 3D distance constraint graphs. We give a combinatorial approximate characterization of such graphs which we call module-rigidity, which can be determined by a polynomial time algorithm. We show that this property is natural and robust in a formal sense. Rigidity implies module-ri...

PURPOSE To compare gamma calculations from 2D and 3D dosimetry measurements for phantom quality assurance. METHODS An IROC Houston (RPC) head and neck phantom was irradiated with a 9 beam IMRT plan using two inserts: a TLD and film insert and a PRESAGE insert. Both inserts were irradiated 3 times. The film and PRESAGE doses were scaled to the TLD dose and 2D gamma calculations were made in th...

To investigate the influence of a 3D image-based treatment-planning method for high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR-ISBT) for mobile tongue cancer, we analyzed dose-volume histogram results for the clinical target volume (CTV) and the mandible. Between October 2010 and November 2011, one and four patients having T2 and T3 tumors, respectively, were treated with HDR-ISBT. Multiplane im...

Background: Some tissues in human body are radiobiologically different from water and these inhomogeneity must be considered in dose calculation in order to achieve an accurate dose delivery. Dose verification in complex radiation therapy techniques, such as intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) calls for volumetric, tissue equivalent and energy independent dosimeter. The purpose of this...

Running biomechanics play an important role in the development of injuries. Performing a running biomechanics analysis on injured runners can help to develop treatment strategies. This article provides a framework for a systematic video-based running biomechanics analysis plan based on the current evidence on running injuries, using 2-dimensional (2D) video and readily available tools. Fourteen...

In this paper we describe a new method for detecting and tracking multiple persons with a stereo camera. The method is based on the idea of the plan-view map, i.e., the 2D histogram of projected 3D measurements from the camera. It estimates the statistical feature in an optimal window, e.g., a rectangular region, on the histogram, considering stereo measurement error, human breadth, and height....

In clinical routine surgeons depend largely on 2D x‐ray radiographs and their experience to plan and evaluate surgical interventions at the knee. Numerous studies have shown that pure 2D x‐ray radiography based measurements are not accurate due to the error in determining accurate radiography magnification and the projection characteristics of 2D radiographs. Using 2D x‐ray radiographs to plan ...

This paper provides an overview of the development of 3d modelling software and discusses the most popular techniques used in commercial projects today. The aim of this paper is to provide a student of 3d design with a background of historical knowledge of the development of 3d modelling programs and computer graphics and elaborates on the groundbreaking work carried out by some of the foremost...