1. Introduction Since libraries have collection of documents across age and culture, and even language, the libraries are inherently multi-age, multi-cultural, and multilingual. In the digital age, more and more historical documents are being digitized to preserve contents written in deteriorating papers. Library, etc.). It means that more and more old text contents will be accessible on the in...

The design gap is the divergence between technology capabilities and design capabilities. This work uses a complexity measure to calculate complexity figures for highly regular and irregular structures. This measurement allows to assess complexity without the need of empirical data to chart the design gap. This will demonstrate that the design gap is caused by the structure itself.

Although the first censuses were the only practical means of surveying a nation’s population, the development of sample survey methodologies means censuses are increasingly justified by the specifically geographical detail they uniquely provide. The same is arguably true of historical census studies: a two per cent sample taken from many millions is quite sufficient to study national class or h...

Historical maps contain rich cartographic information, such as road networks, but this information is “locked” in images and inaccessible to a geographic information system (GIS). Manual map digitization requires intensive user effort and cannot handle a large number of maps. Previous approaches for automatic map processing generally require expert knowledge in order to fine-tune parameters of ...

Possibly the single most important commitment of the Great Britain Historical GIS project under its funding from the New Opportunities Fund is the construction of a systematic historical gazetteer covering the administrative units of Great Britain over the last two centuries. This is important both as a reference resource in its own right and to tie together our diverse but always place-specifi...

Within the qualitative spatial reasoning community it has been a widely accepted commonplace that reasoning in qualitative constraint calculi outperforms reasoning in other more general and expressive formalisms. To check the correctness of this assumption we conducted some empirical case studies in which we compared the performance of a qualitative constraint solver with different automated re...

The information concept in molecular biology and genetics has a duality inherent any canon: on the one hand, now it looks universal, is difficult to think of transcending this discourse; other historians science show that one's emergence culturally contingent associated with “informatization” society during WWII Cold War. This kind analyzed by historical epistemology (critical presentism), tryi...