Ubiquitins are small peptides that allow for posttranslational modification of proteins. Ubiquitin-related modifier (URM) proteins belong to the class of ubiquitin-like proteins. A primary function of URM proteins has been shown to be the sulfur transfer reaction leading to thiolation of tRNAs, a process that is important for accurate and effective protein translation. Recent analyses revealed ...

The ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO regulates a wide range of cellular processes by post-translational modification with one, or a chain of SUMO molecules. Sumoylation is achieved by the sequential action of several enzymes in which the E2, Ubc9, transfers SUMO from the E1 to the target mostly with the help of an E3 enzyme. In this process, Ubc9 not only forms a thioester bond with SUMO, but al...

The Sindbis-group alphavirus S.A.AR86 encodes a threonine at nonstructural protein 1 (nsP1) 538 that is associated with neurovirulence in adult mice. Mutation of the nsP1 538 Thr to the consensus Ile found in nonneurovirulent Sindbis-group alphaviruses attenuates S.A.AR86 for adult mouse neurovirulence, while introduction of Thr at position 538 in a nonneurovirulent Sindbis virus background con...

In this paper, we describe a contextual Korean OCR post-processing model considering unknown words. This work starts from the following premises: 1) In the language having very large character set, it is hard to directly correct erroneous string; 2) word formation is deeply related not only to morphological feature but also to phonological feature(esp. syllable combination on the surface level)...

Atom depth, defined as the distance (dpx, A) of a nonhydrogen atom from its closest solvent-accessible protein neighbor, provides a simple but precise description of the protein interior. Mean residue depths can be easily computed and are very sensitive to structural features. From the analysis of the average and maximum atom depths of a set of 136 protein structures, we derive a limit of appro...

objective: fiber-reinforced composite (frc) posts have recently become more popular for restoring endodontically treated teeth because of providing esthetics, better stress distribution and lower risk of root fracture. resistance against tensile forces dislodging the post from the root canal is a prerequisite for these posts. this study aimed to evaluate the tensile retention (strength) of intr...

BACKGROUND In 2009, national guidelines for hepatitis A control in Australia changed to recommend hepatitis A vaccine (HAV), instead of normal human immune globulin (NHIG), for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). AIMS (1) Determine whether the uptake of PEP among contacts of hepatitis A cases changed after the introduction of the new guidelines, and (2) assess the field effectiveness of the HAV ...

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