BACKGROUND Informal employment is assumed to be an important but seldom studied social determinant of health, affecting a large number of workers around the world. Although informal employment arrangements constitute a permanent, structural pillar of many labor markets in low- and middle-income countries, studies about its relationship with health status are still scarce. In Central America mor...

The article analyzes the structure of Indian society from perspectives social exchange theory and capital theory, structures solidarity are considered in context changes caste system. One practice getting favours on basis informal relation is jān-pahchan. That can be translated as ‘getting something done through someone you know’. This kind known for years culture, especially tribal relations, ...

      Social capital results from shaping and establishment of values, norms, traditions, conventions and rules in self realization manner and in the context of social interactions and it produces hypothesis  in different fields such as empathy, cooperation, humanism, loyalty and conscience in  people’s social lives. The relationship between social capital and citizenship behavior is explored i...

social capital is the one the most multidiscipline concept that have special effects to facility human relations in the society. these effects showing themselves as consequences in thought of social sciences scientist and philosopher in various arena. according to theories considered different consequences for social capital that we examine some of them in this study. the method was survey. we ...

Culture and social relations play a significant role in the formation of the structure of vernacular housing of any region, especially in the Islamic countries where privacy has a considerable effect on the vernacular culture, and consequently, on the house’s structure. Among the house spaces, the kitchen is more affected than other spaces by such issues so that its relations pattern with other...