This paper examines school-related policies and strategies that have been proposed or justified, at least in part, on the basis of their potential for reducing black-white test score gaps. These include strategies, one of which is greater integration, to reduce differences in the quality of teachers faced by black and white students; school and classroom policies designed to improve the achieve...

In Higher Education (HE), an ongoing and incompletely understood achievement gap in degree classification has been identified between white and Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) students. BME students have been found to achieve less well than their white counterparts, even when initial A Level grades are the same. This paper examines a related issue, which has received scant attention; ethnicity ...

Despite continuous efforts, the educational achievement gap is still, in most societies, a significant obstacle to ensuring more equity and social justice. Much of this inequality derives from belonging historically discriminated groups. Indeed, coming lower socioeconomic status (SES), an immigrant, or descendant situation, being Black, Hispanic, Gypsy, any other racialized condition, still str...