The estimation of reward outcomes for action candidates is essential for decision making. In this study, we examined whether and how the uncertainty in reward outcome estimation affects the action choice and learning rate. We designed a choice task in which rats selected either the left-poking or right-poking hole and received a reward of a food pellet stochastically. The reward probabilities o...

Background and Objective: Epilepsy as a chronic neurological disorder causes inherent seizures and learning and memory failure. Since there is no acceptable control of seizures in some patients with the current recommended drug therapy, new medications with different mechanisms of action are needed. Here, the beneficial effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was evaluated in an experimental m...

INTRODUCTION The World Health Organisation identifies strengthening leadership and management as an essential component in scaling up health services to reach the UN's Millennium Development Goals. There is an identified need for informal, practically based management training programs, such as action learning, which allow trainees to reflect on their own work environment. Action learning, in e...

Styles and strategies are among the fundamental issues to be investigated in the language classroom in order to monitor learning process of language learners and to increase their awareness levels. Research on learner style and strategies suggests that a certain degree of awareness on these issues helps both learners and teachers distinguish between the weak and strong aspects of the learning p...

The aim of this study was improve the students’ English speaking skill through action learning strategy at 9 SMP Islam Assya’roniyyah. method used Classroom Action Research (CAR) that developed by Kemmis and Mc Taggart (2013). It consists four steps namely, planning, acting, observing, reflecting. Improvement problem in research brought series cycle. procedures were performs administrating two ...

A major challenge to the deployment of mobile robots is the ability to function autonomously, learning appropriate models for environmental features and adapting those models in response to environmental changes. This autonomous operation in turn requires autonomous selection/planning of an action sequence that facilitates learning and adaptation. Here we focus on color modeling/learning and an...

Action Research On Web is a teaching program and a set of web-based resources, which is the subject of a long-term action research project. This report of educational research includes a description of the Action Research On Web learning system, a report of long-term action research from 1995 to 2000, and discussion of the use of Internet technology for participatory approaches to learning and ...