The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2011 to Jules Hoffmann, Bruce Beutler, and the late Ralph Steinman recognizes accomplishments in understanding and unifying the two strands of immunology, the evolutionarily ancient innate immune response and modern adaptive immunity.

Background : There are growing evidences for chromosomal radioadaptive response in human lymphocytes . Highly variable inter- and intra-individual responses have been reported. Some individuals are non-responders and even in some donors the frequency of chromatid aberrations induced by a challenge dose increases by pre-exposure to an adapting dose. It has been proposed that the lack of radioada...

Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines with traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control provide no inertia response under system frequency events. Recently, the DFIG wind turbines have been equipped with virtual inertia controller (VIC) for supporting power system frequency stability. However, the conventional VICs with fixed gain have negative effects on inter-ar...

Background: In some areas of Ramsar, a city in northern Iran, residents receive a much higher annual radiation exposure than is permitted for radiation workers. Induction of adaptive response in residents of Ramsar has been reported previously. In this study induction of such a response in short term exposure to high background levels of gamma radiation is investigated. Materials and M...

The objective of the paper was to illustrate using and usefulness of a joint AMMI and cluster analyses to assess the grain yield adaptive response of Polish and foreign 31 winter wheat cultivars in a range of 20 environments (locations) and across 3 years (2005-2007) under integrated crop management, using data obtained in the post-registration variety testing trials (called PDO trials), to ide...

This study examines the role of complement components C3 and C5 in innate and adaptive protective immunity to larval Strongyloides stercoralis in mice. Larval survival in naive C3(-/-) mice was increased as compared with survival in wild-type mice, whereas C3aR(-/-) and wild-type mice had equivalent levels of larval killing. Larval killing in naive mice was shown to be a coordinated effort betw...