abstract one of the major risks in the agricultural sector is the price fluctuations risk of agricultural products. futures markets for agricultural products as one of the policies and executive approach have a significant impact on reducing price fluctuations of agricultural products. so in this study, in this study the factors affecting farmers likely to participate in the future market for p...

Overview The decision whether and how to adjust poverty thresholds for area differences in prices depends, among other things, on the reasons that prices differ across metropolitan areas and what one believes a threshold ought to measure. 1 If one starts with the premise that a poverty threshold ought to provide the same purchasing power across markets; that is, enable one to buy the same bundl...

Recent work in judgment and decision-making has shown that a good's price can have irrational effects on people's preferences. People tend to prefer goods that cost more money and assume that such expensive goods will be more effective, even in cases where the price of the good is itself arbitrary. Although much work has documented the existence of these pricing effects, unfortunately little wo...

Digital goods can be reproduced without cost. Thus a price of zero would be economically efficient in terms of eliminating deadweight loss. Unfortunately, zero revenues would also eliminate the economic incentives for creating such goods in the first place. We develop a novel mechanism which solves this dilemma by decoupling the price of digital goods from the payments to innovators while maint...

Advances in technology enable sellers to price discriminate based upon a customer’s revealed purchasing intentions. E-tailers can track items already in a “shopping cart” and item level RFID tags enable retailers to do the same in bricks and mortar stores. As retailers attempt to leverage the information made available from these technologies, it is important to understand how this new visibili...

We consider a Mirrleesian model of optimal income taxation with endogenous product prices. Given endogenous prices, any redistribution of income in the economy affects social welfare not only directly, but also through its influence on the level of product prices. To correct for this price externality, the optimal income tax schedule includes a new Pigouvian term. For competitive markets with i...