We describe the beamline optics, the shutters and the femtosecond laser used in pump & probe experiments down to 50 picosecond resolution. The performance of in-vacuum undulators is compared to in-air undulators. It is concluded that single-harmonic in-vacuum undulators are optimal for pump and probe experiments based on single-bunch exposures. These low-K undulators can produce a spectral flux...

We constructed a disposable bacterial lysis cartridge (BLC) suitable for an in situ pathogen detection system. It had an in-built micro corona discharge based ozone generator that provided ozone for cell lysis. Using a custom sample handling platform, its performance was evaluated with a Gram-positive bacterium of Bacillus subtilis. It was capable of achieving a similar degree of lysis as a com...

Ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems can achieve a higher coefficient of performance than conventional airsource heat pump (ASHP) systems because the ground, which functions as the heat source or sink, is at a higher temperature in winter and lower in summer than the air temperature (Kavanaugh 1992; Kavanaugh et al 1997). In addition, there will likely be some mitigation against the effects o...

We theoretically and numerically study the influence of both instantaneous and Raman-delayed Kerr nonlinearities as well as a long-wavelength pump in the terahertz (THz) emissions produced by two-color femtosecond filaments in air. Although the Raman-delayed nonlinearity induced by air molecules weakens THz generation, four-wave mixing is found to impact the THz spectra accumulated upon propaga...

S INCE THE ADVENT OF OPEN-HEART SURgery , surgeons and pump-oxygenator technicians have striven to niake their work more simple, yet remain within safe boundaries. The purpose of this paper is to present two details we have adopted in our pump-oxygenator circuit. In many pump-oxygenators, the venous blood from the patient is returned to the top of a venous reservoir where it then falls down int...