diversion dams in order to raise the water level of river and conveys of water into the main canal irrigation network is designed. if the dimensions of different parts of the diversion dam be considered large, stability will be supplying, but due to the increase volume of materials, construction costs will be more. design engineer must choose sections of dam that had least amount of materials a...

Vascular hydrophytes were shown to have the potential to be useful for straightforward, low-technology, bioassay of fresh water quality, specifically in relation to phosphate enrichment by effluent from sewage treatment works. Field-collected shoots of Elodea canadensis and Callitriche sp. made greater extension growth when incubated in canal water from downstream of discharges, indicating enri...

Aims: This study aimed to compare the shaping ability of T-endo MIS and TruNatomy (TRN) file systems in J-shaped resin root canals investigate deformation files after two acrylic block preparation sterilization cycles.
 Methods: Forty blocks were numbered, then four groups (n=10) established: glider (15.04) + Finisher (25.04) (first second usage) TRN Glider (17.02) Prime (26.04) usage). Pr...

The consumption of energy is unlike most consumable goods. It is abstract, invisible, and untouchable. Without a tangible manifestation, home energy usage often goes unnoticed. Advances in resource monitoring systems will soon provide real-time data on electricity, gas, and water usage in the home. This will produce a tremendous amount of data that can be analyzed and fed back to the user—creat...

Irrigation is well known for being the largest water user, responsible for about 70% of the total amount of fresh water withdrawals. At the same time, this irrigation contributes for about 40% of the total food production and is vital for many regions of the world such as Western USA, Australia, Southern Europe, and many countries in Asia and Africa. Recent FAO figures indicate that, by the yea...

water supply of green spaces in arid areas is a major challenge. a high percentage of green spacescreate lawns, which are high water consumer landscapes. due to the environmental, recreational andathletic values of lawns, they are considered as non-removable elements in urban green space development.this paper reviews and discusses strategies for efficient water usage in lawn areas using librar...

The development of aeroponic cultivation technology has led to more efficient use of water and plant nutrients for producing high quality agricultural commodities. In this research, cucumbers were grown in columnar aeroponic systems for nine weeks and the effect of spraying rate and spraying duration on the cucumber average yield and water usage efficiency were investigated. The experiments wer...

Open canal dynamics in which a constant water level is kept at the bottom end of each canal pools by the upstream control structure of the pool are characterized by a time-varying delay associated with water transport. Predictive control, based on the output prediction over a long time horizon and the minimization of a quadratic cost function is slightly sensitive to the magnitude and variation...