Although ultraprecision diamond turned optics can have surface roughness down to tens of nanometers or even lower, they may still contain defects due to machining process variations. Diamond turned surfaces have been carefully studied before [3-12]. The previous research however was mainly focused on the causes of the surface texture and one of the main goals of these studies was to improve the...

Introduction: The particle size of surficial materials may provide important clues about the history of erosion, transport, and depositional processes that have acted to form the deposit. Particle size may also provide a valuable clue about the genesis of those deposits. On Mars, most of the surface is covered with at least a thin coating of various particulate materials that tend to obscure di...

In this article, Finite Element Method (FEM) and Eulerian-Lagrangies Algorithm (ELA) formulation were used to numerically simulate the impact of several low-velocity projectiles with water surface. Material models which were used to express behavior of air and water included Null material model. For the projectiles, rigid material model were applied. Results were validated by analyzing the impa...

This paper presents a methodology for the automatic segmentation of rock-scenes using a combination of range and intensity vision. A major problem in rock scene segmentation is the effect of noise in the form of surface texture and color density variations, which causes spurious segmentations. We show that these problems can be avoided through pre-attentive range image segmentation followed by ...

we inverse the surface gravity data to recover subsurface 3d density distribution with two strategy. in the first strategy, we assumed wide density model bound for inverting gravity data and in the second strategy, the inversion procedure have been carried out by limited bound density. wediscretize the earth model into rectangular cells of constant andunidentified density. the number of cells i...

Lipid monolayers and bilayers have been used as experimental models for the investigation of membrane thermal transitions. The main transition takes place near ambient temperatures for several lipids and reflects the order-disorder transition of lipid hydrocarbonic chains, which is accompanied by a surface density gap. Equivalence between the transitions in the two systems has been argued by se...

An up-to-date review of rural road accident statistics for Iran is presented The review considers sources of accident statistics in Iran and the means by which they are collected. The statistics are considered in relation to accident causal and risk factors. A comparison is made with statistics available for other countries at a similar stage of development and countries with highly developed e...