Fusion proteins of many viruses, including HIV-1 envelope protein (Env), fold into six-helix bundle structures. Fusion between individual Env-expressing cells and target cells was studied by fluorescence microscopy, and a temperature jump technique, to determine whether folding of Env into a bundle is complete by the time fusion pores have formed. Lowering temperature to 4 degrees C immediately...

Assembly lines are the most commonly used method for a mass production environment. Their main purpose is to increase efficiency by maximizing the ratio between throughput and required costs. However, in the last few decades, market demands have changed enormously. The emphasis is now on shorter lead times, larger product variety, higher quality and more customized options. At the same time, so...

self-assembly of densely packed zno nanorods were grown on porous silicon (ps) substrate by low-temperature chemical bath deposition. the structural and optical properties of the obtained zno nanostructures on ps substrate were systematically studied. the strong and sharp (002) peak compared with other peaks in the x-ray diffraction (xrd) indicated thatzno nanorods formed with superior orientat...

Although it is well established that consumers have an increased valuation for self-assembled products, less known about how using such products influences objective consumption outcomes. Across three experiments, the current research demonstrates perform better on tasks when they use a product self-assembled—as opposed to identical but ready-to-use product. We show this effect results from inc...

This work describes the implementation of a novel robot workcell programming interface that allows an assembly designer to obtain immediate feedback regarding the manufacturability of his/her design. The interface allows the user to manipulate the three-dimensional CAD/CAM models of the components and \assemble" them into the nal product. The computer then analyzes the relevant assembly operati...

This study presents a reduction of production disturbances of a shoemaking industry through discrete event simulation approach. The study is conducted at Peacock Shoe factory found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.  This factory faces line balancing problem that becomes production disturbance for its assembly lines. Detail time study is carried out for the selected shoe model using stopwatch. Assembly ...

In this paper, an optimization methodology is used to select the locations and characteristics of test, diagnosis and rework operations in electronic systems assembly processes. Real-coded genetic algorithms are used to perform a multi-variable optimization that minimizes the yielded cost of products resulting from an assembly process that includes test/diagnosis/rework operations characterized...

Products made of compliant sheet metals are widely used in automotive, aerospace, appliance and electronics industries. One of the most important challenges for the assembly process with compliant parts is dimensional quality, which affects product functionality and performance. This paper develops a methodology to evaluate the dimensional variation propagation in a multi-station compliant asse...

To save time and cost in assembly process and to improve the quality of products, it is very important to choose an optimal assembly sequence. In this paper, we propose a methodology that generates an optimal assembly sequence by using various methods and the knowledge of experts. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a knowledge-based system is developed. The built syste...

The cylindrocyclophanes are a family of natural products that share a remarkable paracyclophane carbon scaffold. Using genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, we have discovered a biosynthetic gene cluster involved in the assembly of cylindrocyclophane F. Through a combination of in vitro enzyme characterization and feeding studies, we confirm the connection between this gene cluster and ...