In 1963, the mathematician and meteorologist Edward Lorenz published a paper (Lorenz 1963 J. Atmos. Sci. 20, 130-141) that changed the way scientists think about the prediction of geophysical systems, by introducing the ideas of chaos, attractors, sensitivity to initial conditions and the limitations to forecasting nonlinear systems. Three years earlier, the mathematician and engineer Rudolf Ka...

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding onboard ENVISAT (MIPAS-E) offers the opportunity to detect and spectrally resolve many atmospheric minor constituents affecting atmospheric chemistry. In this paper, we describe an algorithm produced to retrieve HCFC–22 profiles from MIPAS-E measurements made in 2003 and present results from this scheme between 300 and 50 mb. By comp...

When a part of a Nitella cell, A, is covered with water and the rest of the cell, B, is in contact with a toxic solution there is an escape of solutes at B. This is followed by the escape of solutes at A which causes the death of A. Water enters at A, flows along inside the cell, and escapes at B carrying solutes with it. When this is prevented by covering A with mineral oil the escape of solut...

Serratia marcescens, a nonpathogen, greatly facilitates the general study of airborne bacteria. However, the value of many studies has been lessened by the omission of strain designation which makes comparison of results from different investigators impossible. The presence of variants in S. marcescens strain ATCC 274 used in these studies has been reported previously (Bunting, 1940a, b, 1942; ...

The vast availability of wind power has fueled substantial interest in this renewable energy source as a potential near-zero greenhouse gas emission technology for meeting future world energy needs while addressing the climate change issue. However, in order to provide even a fraction of the estimated future energy needs, a large-scale deployment of wind turbines (several million) is required. ...

Today, the great challenge in broad band networks, such as ATM, is to support applications that need guaranteed QoS. Efficient resource allocation for connections that need guaranteed QoS is only possible if the application can provide a precise and reliable traffic descriptor that the network can understand. This work presents a methodology to obtain the parameters of the traffic descriptor of...

The effects of moisture on the flow properties, tensile strength, Heckel plot (particle rearrangement, yield pressure), energies involved in compaction (gross, plastic, and elastic energies), and elastic recovery are reviewed. he identification and quantification of the numerous parameters that affect the compaction process are vital for product uniformity. For example, moisture adsorption play...

introduction climate is a system consisting of atmosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. this system is involved in the exchange of energy and moisture among these five components. the exchanges link the atmosphere as the central component of the climate to other spheres. changes do not occur separately in this system; rather change in one component contributes to reactio...