study of collective actions is related to some of the most important issues in contemporary sociology such as cooperation, collective decision making, emergence of social norms etc. this paper in four steps presents a framework for studying collective actions. these steps are related to characteristics of collective actions (cooperation and common good), factors effecting the emergence of colle...

In Japan, The Japanese Association of Clinical Cancer Centers (JACCCs) was established in 1965 by systematizing cancer-treatment-oriented hospitals. The core center of JACCCs is the National Cancer Center in Tokyo. In 1984, JACCCs created The "Improvement for Clinical Cancer Centers in Japan" Study Group (The Study Group) which has subsequently routinely evaluated the effectiveness of the thera...

Abstract This article explores the status of child as a relational one, defined by power dynamics between parents and children rather than young age individual. approach complicates historiographical perspectives on transition childhood adulthood, usually historians independence from parental regulation. Analysis family correspondence early modern England is used case study to explore conflicti...

this article has been written based on the findings of the research project “attitudes of the young people of mashhad (age-group 19-29) to religion”. the purpose of the project was to find out these attitudes, to identify cognitive , ………….. other two. there was 54.9% of consistency among the attitude elements. also, in 45.1% of the cases there was no complete consistency among the three element...

This study combines longitudinal individual-level data with neighborhood-level industrial hazard data to examine the extent and sources of environmental inequality. Results indicate that profound racial and ethnic differences in proximity to industrial pollution persist when differences in individual education, household income, and other microlevel characteristics are controlled. Examination o...

In the original evacuation scheme, drawn up to meet a contingency that was still theoretical and hopefully remote, attention was largely concentrated on the Process of getting children out of London and other vulnerable areas and on the task ?f ensuring that a billet of some kind was available for every child who needed it. On the whole, the schemes worked amazingly well and there was no lack o...

The total production of plastics is currently more than 230 million tonnes/year, which will increase to 400 million tonnes in 2020, based on a very conservative growth rate of about 5% per year [1, 2]. The increasing consumption of polymer products, in various fields, generates a large quantity of waste materials, which equates to more than 12% of the urban solid waste stream [3]. Therefore, th...