This monograph is described as an “outgrowth” of a Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the University of Michigan, which seems to be something different than simply a revised form of the original dissertation. I am uncertain who the intended audience is; the book seems to be designed for a more popular audience, on the one hand, since it does not go into depth on a number of points. However, it pre...

Newspapers, popular magazines, radio, and television are examples of mass media that influence reach enormous audiences. Television is a significant powerful medium for communication. People facilitated by television's moving pictures, which also demand attention ultimately impact people's attitudes actions. Audiences today prefer watching live reality shows to dramatic, emotionally charged tel...

background nowadays, plastic surgeries are among the most popular types of surgeries around the world and iran has one of the highest rankings in this respect regarding its population size. based on these facts, the present study was conducted in order to evaluate the volunteers’ motivations attitudes and informational sources in tehran, iran. methods the study was conducted on a cross-sectiona...

OBJECTIVE The Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) of November 1998 prohibited participating tobacco companies from directly or indirectly targeting youth in marketing. Widely publicised information in May 2000 showed increased cigarette advertising in magazines with substantial youth readership and companies were pressed to change their practices. The responses of the tobacco industry to the MSA ...

Among the fans of animated films young children are the most popular. This has led the dubbing industry to produce domesticated animations for the young audience of a different language and culture. In other words, in most cases dubbers attempt to adopt domestication procedures to make the language of animations easier and more tangible for children. The domestication strategies may bring both ...

With the rapid proliferation and adoption of social media among healthcare professionals and organizations, social media-based HIV/AIDS intervention programs have become increasingly popular. However, the question of the effectiveness of the HIV/AIDS messages disseminated on social media has received scant attention in the literature. The current study applies content analysis to examine the re...

Girls’ magazines play an important role in the maintenance of gender perceptions and creation by young girls. Due to a recent resurgence within public discussion mediated content feminist, postfeminist, antifeminist repertoires, centered on what femininity entails, girls are growing up environment which conflicting messages communicated about their gender. To assess, shared norms values related...

The purpose of this study was to show how printed magazines affect the environment with their use of paper and how digital magazines affect their environment with their electricity use from servers hosting the digital magazines. It is also to find how the printed magazine industry is reducing their paper use and how digital magazines are reducing the amount of electricity used by servers hostin...