Bi-level decision addresses compromises between two interacting decision entities within a given hierarchical complex systems. Bi-level programming typically solves bi-level decision problems. However, formulation of objectives and constraints in mathematical functions is required, which are difficult, and sometimes impossible, in real-world situations due to various uncertainties. Our study de...

Abstract: Due to the energy savings and environmental protection they provide, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are increasing in number quickly. Rapid development of PEVs brings new opportunities and challenges to the electricity distribution network’s dispatching. A high number of uncoordinated charging PEVs has significant negative impacts on the secure and economic operation of a distributi...

By exploring of the multi-stage network design problem of comprehensive traffic, the paper proposes a bi-level programming model with uncertain demand. The upper level problem is to maximize the consumer surplus of all demand scenarios with budget constraint. While under the network investment decisions of the upper level problem, the lower level problem is to maximize the consumer surplus of e...

This paper considers a bi-objective mathematical model for locations of landfills, transfer stations and material recovery facilities (MRFs) in order to serve the entire regions and simultaneously identify the capacities of landfills. This is a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model, whose objectives are to minimize the total cost and pollution simultaneously. To validate the model, a numerical ...

The location-routing problem is the most significant and yet new research field in location problems that considers simultaneously vehicle routing problem features with original one for achieving high-quality integrated distribution systems in beside of the global optimum. Simultaneous pickup and delivery based on time windows are the two main characteristics of logistic management that have be...

This paper investigates how to optimize the facility location strategy such as to maximize the intercepted customer flow, while accounting for ‘‘flow-by’’ customers’ path choice behaviors and their travel cost limitation. A bi-level programming static model is constructed for this problem. An heuristic based on a greedy search is designed to solve it. Consequently, we proposed a chance constrai...

zinc is the first modelling language which supports solver and technique independence. this means that a high level conceptual model can be automatically mapped into an appropriate low level design model for a specific solver or technique. to date, zinc uses three different techniques to solve a model: constraint programming (cp), local search (ls), and mixed integer programming (mip). in this ...

In this paper we propose a fuzzy goal programming method for obtaining a satisfactory solution to a bi-level multi-objective absolutevalue fractional programming (BLMO-A-FP) problems. In the proposed approach, the membership functions for the defined fuzzy goals of all objective functions at the two levels as well as the membership functions for vector of fuzzy goals of the decision variables c...

Many defects in manufacturing system are caused by human resources that show the significance of the human resources in manufacturing systems. Most manufacturers attempt to investigate the human resources in order to improve the work conditions and reduce the human error by providing a proper work-rest schedule. On the other hand, manufacturer deal with machine scheduling based on demand and wo...