BACKGROUND High-throughput tools for pan-genomic study, especially the DNA microarray platform, have sparked a remarkable increase in data production and enabled a shift in the scale at which biological investigation is possible. The use of microarrays to examine evolutionary relationships and processes, however, is predominantly restricted to model or near-model organisms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCI...

Investigations of the adaptation living organisms/human body to various extreme factors are extremely important. Aim. To characterize and analyze results research structural functional interdependencies organisms in conditions. Methods. Comparative analysis registered biochemical, physiological characteristics body, mathematical modelling underlying mechanisms on their basis, information comput...

In this review, a wide array of bioaccumulation markers and biomarkers, used to demonstrate exposure to and effects of environmental contaminants, has been discussed in relation to their feasibility in environmental risk assessment (ERA). Fish bioaccumulation markers may be applied in order to elucidate the aquatic behavior of environmental contaminants, as bioconcentrators to identify certain ...

OBJECTIVES This article presents an overview of the current literature on biological markers for alcoholism, including markers associated with the pharmacological effects of alcohol and markers related to the clinical course and treatment of alcohol-related problems. Many of these studies are well known, while other studies cited are new and still being evaluated. METHODS In this paper we fir...

Biological markers for depression are of great interest to aid in elucidating the causes of major depression. We assess currently available biological markers to query their validity for aiding in the diagnosis of major depression. We specifically focus on neurotrophic factors, serotonergic markers, biochemical markers, immunological markers, neuroimaging, neurophysiological findings, and neuro...

Developing reliable and eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an essential step in the field of application of nanotechnology .Using natural factories such as biological systems is a way of developing such processes. Nowadays, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is very common due to its numerous applications in different fields. The synthesis of these nanopart...