More than 1200 St Helenian schoolchildren were studied in 1973 and 1978 to determine how social factors affected growth. The association of short stature with large family size was confirmed and shown to be concentrated in the earlier members of the sibship. This was independent of birth interval. Association between birth interval and stature was most pronounced for the spacing following the i...

OBJECTIVE To determine cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoid signaling in alleviating embryo crowding in the Lpar3((-/-)) females. DESIGN Experimental mouse model. SETTING Research laboratories. ANIMAL(S) Wild-type, Lpar3((+/-)), and Lpar3((-/-)) mice. INTERVENTION(S) Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), cPGI (a stable analogue of PGI(2)), and 11-deoxy prostag...

INTRODUCTION Preconception care recognizes that many adolescent girls and young women will be thrust into motherhood without the knowledge, skills or support they need. Sixty million adolescents give birth each year worldwide, even though pregnancy in adolescence has mortality rates at least twice as high as pregnancy in women aged 20-29 years. Reproductive planning and contraceptive use can pr...

AbstractBackground The unmet need for spacing (UNS) is one of the key concerns family planning programme in India despite country achieving replacement level fertility. Objectives current study aims to identify spatial heterogeneity and factors associated with Spacing India. Data methods present used data from National Family Health Survey, 2015–16. outcome v...

objective: in view of the effect of hard labor on pregnancy outcomes and to determine risk factors, in this study, the effect of spacing between pregnancies was evaluated for probable effect on the incidence of dystocia in labor. materials and methods: this is a cross - sectional study used the records of 210 pregnant women referred to azad university hospitals between january 2000 and december...

Pakistan is a country with high fertility and high infant and child mortality, and declines in total mortality and substantial development initiatives. The discussion considers whether fertility patterns in Pakistan can be related to changes in child mortality, and whether current and future changes in fertility influence child survival favorably. Omran's study linked large family size to chi...