The reaction of gallium (III) nitrate octahydrate with the proton transfer compound (pydaH2)2+ (pydc)2– ( where  pyda  is 2,6-pyridinediamine and pydcH2 is 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) leads to the formation of (C5H8N3) [Ga(C7H3NO4)2] · 4H2O · CH3OH. The crystal system of the anionic complex is triclinic with space group Pī and two molecules per unit cell. The unit cell parameters are a=10.23...

Cell formation problem mainly address how machines should be grouped and parts be processed in cells. In dynamic environments, product mix and demand change in each period of the planning horizon. Incorporating such assumption in the model increases flexibility of the system to meet customer’s requirements. In this model, to ensure the reliability of the system in presence of unreliable machine...

This paper proposes a comprehensive, multi-objective, mixed-integer, nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for a cell formation problem (CFP) under fuzzy and dynamic conditions aiming at: (1) minimizing the total cost which consists of the costs of intercellular movements and subcontracting parts as well as the cost of purchasing, operation, maintenance and reconfiguration of machines, (2) maximi...

This paper assumes the cell formation problem as a distributed decision network. It proposes an approach based on application and extension of information theory concepts, in order to analyze informational complexity in an agent- based system, due to interdependence between agents. Based on this approach, new quantitative concepts and definitions are proposed in order to measure the amount of t...

Background: The complex process of spermatogenesis is regulated by various factors. Studies on spermatogonial stem cells have provided a very important tool to improve herd genetic and different field. 0.2 to 0.3 percent of total cells of seminiferous tubules consist of spermatogonial stem cells. To investigate and biomanipulate these cells, first the proliferation and viability rate of cells s...

Background: Activation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling pathway in embryonic stem (ES) cells plays an important role in controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Adverse effects of BMP4 occur in a time dependent manner; however, little is known about the effect of different time exposure of this growth factor on cell number in culture media. In this study, ...

Although numerous molecules have been associated with synaptic cell adhesion, there has been little conclusive evidence linking them to specific effects on synapse formation and function. By searching vertebrate sequence databanks, a novel homophilic synaptic cell adhesion molecule called SynCAM has been found which is homologous to members of the immunoglobulin-like (Ig) superfamily and in vit...

Background: The canonical Wnt signal transduction (or the Wnt/β-catenin pathway) plays a crucial role in the development of animals and in carcinogenesis. Beta-catenin is the central component of this signaling pathway. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling results in the cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. In the nucleus, β-catenin interacts with the TCF/LEF transcription fa...