Abstract We expect satellites at altitude below 300 km, very low Earth orbit (VLEO), making observations of the optical wavelength with increasingly higher resolution. The density atomic oxygen (AO) VLEO is significantly than that LEO; severe degradation spacecraft materials (polymers) due to high-flux AO a serious concern. To clarify environmental effects on materials, we designed Material Deg...

The geological record shows that abrupt changes in the Earth system can occur on timescales short enough to challenge capacity of human societies adapt environmental pressures. In many cases, arise from slow one component eventually pass a critical threshold, or tipping point, after which impacts cascade through coupled climate–ecological–social systems. chance detecting and points increases wi...

Previously published work using satellite observations of the clear sky infrared emitted radiation by the Earth in 1970, 1997 and in 2003 showed the appearance of changes in the outgoing spectrum, which agreed with those expected from known changes in the concentrations of well-mixed greenhouse gases over this period. Thus, the greenhouse forcing of the Earth has been observed to change in resp...

The hydration mechanism between the leaching agent and ore surface during process of ionic rare earth is complicated, inter-particle bridge cementation prone to fracture due existence multiple forces dispersion ion adsorption exchange, resulting in migration rearrangement microfine particles, precipitation at pore throat, producing blockage phenomenon affecting efficiency earths. In order revea...