The availability of a priori knowledge, also called background knowledge, is fundamental for the functioning of semantics based systems. In this paper we introduce a faceted knowledge organization framework called DERA (for Domain, Entity, Relation, Attribute) and describe its implementation inside a system, called UK (for Universal Knowledge) which is extensible and scalable and which allows f...

foreign state immunity from jurisdiction of internal courts of another states as a customary rule of international law has been appeared in states’ practice and also in legislations passed by their parliaments (states like u.s.a, u.k, australia, canada, south africa, pakistan, etc.,). state immunity as a rule of international law has developed from its beginning (i.e. the schooner exchange case...

foreign state immunity from jurisdiction of internal courts of another states as a customary rule of international law has been appeared in states’ practice and also in legislations passed by their parliaments (states like u.s.a, u.k, australia, canada, south africa, pakistan, etc.,). state immunity as a rule of international law has developed from its beginning (i.e. the schooner exchange case...

When we use a PSM what is it we are actually doing? An answer to this question would enable the PSM community to considerably enlarge the available source of case studies by the inclusion of examples of non-codified PSM use. We start from Checkland’s own proposal for a “constitutive definition” of SSM, which originated from trying to answer the question of knowing when a claim of SSM use was le...