financial fines are regarded as a powerful implement in the hand of competition authorities which apply in the way of ceasing anticompetitive practices and hindering undertakings from entering into monopolization activities.  having regarded the nature and main function of this sanction, this paper in comparative study is going to clarify executive domain and primary stages of fine determining ...

~ S national economies have become increasingly inter-related, national governments have broadened their efforts to coordinate trade-related policies. For years GATT negotiators concentrated on tariff reduction and trade liberalisation. The recently completed Uruguay Round negotiations included a number of agreements in previously uncharted waters (e.g., agreements on government procurement, tr...

We theorize a multi-dimensional picture of jurisdictional competition for corporate litigation. We test this theory by examining merger litigation in a hand-collected sample of I 117 takeovers from 2005 to 20I I. We find evidence of state competition for merger litigation. Entrepreneurial plaintiffs' attorneys drive this competition by bringing suits in jurisdictions which have previously award...

We study the growth dynamics of the size of manufacturing firms considering competition and normal distribution of competency. We start with the fact that all components of the system struggle with each other for growth as happened in real competitive bussiness world. The detailed quantitative agreement of the theory with empirical results of firms growth based on a large economic database span...

At last year’s Fordham Corporate Law Institute, under the heading “The Millennium Approaches,” I spoke about the challenges that European Community (”EC” or ”Community”) competition law is facing or will face in the near future. I came to the conclusion that the time has come for a re-examination and modernization of our rules, in particular the implementing and procedural legislation. I reache...