Programming in computer languages is an important class for university students in courses of computer science, electronics and information engineering. Moreover, there exists a programming class for even all students of a university. We have a programming class in C language, one of most popular computer languages, with a corresponding programming practice for our students who are first year o...

stochastic approach to vehicle routing problem: development and theories abstract in this article, a chance constrained (ccp) formulation of the vehicle routing problem (vrp) is proposed. the reality is that once we convert some special form of probabilistic constraint into their equivalent deterministic form then a nonlinear constraint generates. knowing that reliable computer software for lar...

Selecting an appropriate programming paradigm in which to teach the first programming and problem solving course in a Computer Science undergraduate program has been discussed extensively. Procedural programming, functional programming, and object oriented programming are the most widelyused programming paradigms both in institutes of higher learning and in the high-tech industry. In recent yea...

In this paper we describe the distribution problems faced by one of the largest retailers in the distribution and sale of fast moving consumer goods in the U.K. The paper describes an initial solution method, which is then improved by a novel form of simulated annealing. A computational experiment for the improvement algorithm has been also carried out in order to illustrate the flexibility of ...

Genetic Programming (GP) is a method to evolve computer programs. And the reason we would want to try this is because, as anyone who’s done even half a programming course would know, computer programming is hard. Automatic programming has been the goal of computer scientists for a number of decades. Scientists would like to be able to give the computer a problem and ask the computer to build a ...

Abstract  In most schools, introductory computer programming courses are required for computer science as well as all engineering majors. It is generally believed that the programming courses are not just about programming per se, but that they provide a forum for teaching precise and logical thought processes. Computer programming courses constitute a necessary background for computer science...