observed that the sinus wave reached the AV node with a Introduction Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) can be associated with supraventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation (AF). The position of the conduction system differs from the normal heart: the atrioventricular (AV) node is more posterior and inferior compared with the normal position in the triangle of Koch, in close relation ...

BACKGROUND Inflammation plays an essential role in the development and complications of atherosclerosis plaques, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Indeed, previous reports have shown that within the coronary circulation of ACS patients, several soluble mediators are released. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction might play an important role in atherosclerosis ...

Retrograde ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall (EI-VOM) as an adjunct to pulmonary isolation (PVI) has been reported improve success atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, identification and cannulation VOM remains technically challenging. It proposed that balloon occlusion coronary sinus (CS) allows for improved contrast opacification facilitates well differentiation other branchin...

INTRODUCTION A canine model was used to compare cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) within the coronary sinus (CS) in the ability to create a transmural CS myocardial (Trans-CSM) lesion and risk of coronary artery stenosis. METHODS After CS and left circumflex (LCx) coronary angiography, an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) probe was placed in LCx in 29 dogs. An irrigated RFA cathete...

BACKGROUND The junction between the coronary sinus (CS) musculature and both atria contributes to initiation of atrial tachyarrhythmias. The current study investigated the effects of CS isolation from the atria by radiofrequency catheter ablation on the induction and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS Using an optical mapping system, we mapped action potentials at 25...

dissection of the sinus of valsalva is a rare and life-threatening event. it often occurs during percutaneous coronary intervention in the right coronary artery (rca). dissection flap usually involves the rca and the right sinus of valsalva. here we report two extremely rare cases of spontaneous dissection limited to the non-coronary sinus of valsalva, causing severe aortic valve regurgitation:...

An 8-month-old male with coronary sinus orifice atresia, left superior vena cava, and single ventricle underwent light-guided coronary sinus unroofing concomitant with bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis to circumvent coronary sinus hypertension. During surgery, a 2.25 Fr angioscopic catheter was inserted into the coronary sinus via the left superior vena cava. The coronary sinus, lit by th...

BACKGROUND The atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) energy of the standard lead configuration, right atrial appendage (RAA) to coronary sinus (CS), was reduced by >50% with the addition of a third electrode traversing the atrial septum in a previous study. This study determined whether the ADFT would be lowered by a more clinically practical third electrode placed in the right atrium along th...

INTRODUCTION Bursts of tachycardia arising in the pulmonary veins may play an important role in perpetuating atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the role of the coronary sinus (CS) in the perpetuation of AF has been unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether the CS plays a role in perpetuation of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Pulmonary vein isolation was performed by segmental ostial ab...