In this review, we discuss the use of a variety of 3-D models (particularly 3-D skin, lung, breast and endothelial) in radiobiological research and highlight the differences in responses compared to 2-D culturing conditions (monolayers). We review the characteristics of existing 3-D models and aim to point out the substantial advantages 3-D cultures provide for modern radiobiology. In particula...

Micro-pattern gas detectors, such as the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and the Micromegas need narrow high density anode readout elements to achieve good spatial resolution. A high-density anode readout would require an unmanageable number of electronics channels for certain potential micro-detector applications such as the Time Projection Chamber. We describe below a new technique to achieve g...

background: the technique of vertical dome division or tip defining, involves incising the lateral crura and vestibular skin at or lateral to the dome or tip defining point. the incision di-vides the lower lateral cartilage into a lateral segment and a medial segment, which are advanced anteriorly and sutured together to increase tip projection. the present study aimed at assessing a new vertic...

the need for clean groundwater resources to have sustainable development in a country is undoubted. due to the importance and high quality of karstic waters in supplying water in iran especially in shahrood city, it is attempted in this research work to recognize and explore karstic waters in southwest of tepal area, shahrood. for this purpose, integration of the results obtained from the metho...

saltwater intrusion into freshwater in coastal areas has been a serious concern for many countries. providing fresh water in some regions is very crucial. in fact, the areas that  are prone to encountering salt water zones should be checked meticulously. the preferred method for such investigation is a precise 3-d model of distribution of fresh and salt water in order to reach such a model, rel...

We have developed an open source 3D, MATLAB based, resistivity inversion package. The forward solution to the governing partial differential equation is efficiently computed using a second-order finite volume discretization coupled with a preconditioned, biconjugate, stabilized gradient algorithm. Using the analytical solution to a potential field in a homogeneous half space, we evaluate the ac...

We present the results from cosmic ray tests on the forward Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) for the CMS. Double-gap prototype RPC were built and tested in the Korea Detector Laboratory (KODEL). We found that addition of SF 6 and water vapor to the tetra#uorethane-based gas mixture was required for the long-term stable operation of RPC. E$ciency, time resolution as well as cross-talk behavior of t...

Time-lapse electrical resistivity (ER) was used to capture the dilution of a seasonal pulse of acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination in the subsurface of a wetland downgradient of the abandoned Pennsylvania mine workings in central Colorado. Data were collected monthly from mid-July to late October of 2013, with an additional dataset collected in June of 2014. Inversion of the ER data shows th...

We investigate theoretically the effect of a finite electric field on the resistivity of a disordered one-dimensional system in the variable-range hopping regime. We find that at low fields the transport is inhibited by rare fluctuations in the random distribution of localized states that create high-resistance breaks in the hopping network. As the field increases, the breaks become less resist...