Economic evaluation provides a means of allocating finite healthcare resources in an efficient manner. It can inform decision-making processes at many levels, from national decision-making bodies, such as the NICE in England and Wales, to decisions by local healthcare providers. A common vehicle for the conduct of economic evaluation is the randomized controlled trial. This paper provides an ov...

Many people are concerned about how information systems deal with human values such as privacy and trust. In this paper, we discuss the role of human values in the design of information systems. We elaborate on the nature of human values and discuss various approaches on how to address human values, including value-sensitive design, worth-centered design and understanding as an additional step ...

The phenomenon of planning involving citizen’s participation in literature has been from the second half 20th century. Indeed, different methods and techniques have used process. However, participatory practices are time-consuming negotiations tiresome. Accordingly, integration developing digital technologies into processes seen as a potential to reach large audiences provide time-space indepen...