The high energetic costs of building and maintaining large brains are thought to constrain encephalization. The 'expensive-tissue hypothesis' (ETH) proposes that primates (especially humans) overcame this constraint through reduction of another metabolically expensive tissue, the gastrointestinal tract. Small guts characterize animals specializing on easily digestible diets. Thus, the hypothesi...

This article was written by Sharon R. Akabas, PhD, director of the Master of Science in nutrition and associate director for educational initiatives, Columbia University, Institute of Human Nutrition, New York, NY; Gretchen Vannice, MS, RDN, consultant, Applied Nutrition Consulting, Santa Cruz, CA; John B. Atwater, PhD, senior director, USP Verification Programs, United States Pharmacopeial Con...

Poor diet quality is one of strong predictors of subsequent increased mortality in hemodialysis patients. To determine diet quality and to define major problems contributing to poor diet quality in hemodialysis patients, a cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2009 and October 2010. Sixty-three hemodialysis patients (31 men, 32 women; aged 55.3 ± 11.9 years) in stable condition were ...

A study was conducted to determine the effects of corn distillers’ dried grain (CDDG) on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. The hens were fed dietary inclusions of CDDG at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% for a period of eight weeks. Average feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and nitrogen economy varied significantly (P<0.05) among dietary treatments. Birds fed 30% dietary CDDG h...

BACKGROUND Eating patterns of immigrants deserve to be better documented because they may reflect the extent of acculturation and associated health risks. The study assessed dietary patterns and quality in Bubi immigrants (from Equatorial Guinea) using cluster analysis and comparing different diet quality indexes. METHODS A random sample of 83 Bubi men and 130 women living in Madrid were stud...

in recent years dietary fibers have been considered due to its beneficial effects. since the amount of fiber in dietary diet is usually less than the recommended amount (30 gr/day), fortification of bread with fiber can play an important role to achieve its health benefits. this project was studied to investigate on the possibility of supplementation of flour with dietary fibers. two different ...

OBJECTIVES To identify dietary transition stages based on dietary patterns of adult Haitians having lived in Montreal for various lengths of time, and to assess associated dietary quality. SUBJECTS One hundred and eighty-one Haitians aged 25-60 years were recruited by the modified random digit dialling method. DESIGN Socio-economic, diet and lifestyle variables were documented by questionna...

An experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and lysine on carcass characteristics and meat quality in Arbor Acres (AA) broilers from 1 to 56 days of age. A total of 2,970 1-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to nine dietary treatments (three ME levels in combination with three lysine levels), and dietary ME and lysine concentrations we...

A range of individual nutrients and foods have been suggested to increase obesity risk in childhood, but the evidence is inconsistent. Dietary patterns that summarise the whole diet may, however, be more informative. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review the current evidence pertaining to overall dietary patterns in childhood and later obesity risk. Studies eligible for revi...

BACKGROUND Food insecurity is associated with poor nutritional and clinical outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS. Few studies investigate the link between food insecurity, dietary diversity and health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether household food access and individual dietary diversity are associated with health-related quali...