in the real world, risk and uncertainty are two natural properties in the implementation of mega projects. most projects fail to achieve the pre-determined objectives due to uncertainty. a linear integer programming optimization model was used in this work to solve a problem in order to choose the most appropriate risk responses for the project risks. a mathematical model, in which work structu...

introduction: measuring the extent and nature of outsourcing in public hospitals affiliated with tehran university of medical sciences (tums), tehran, iran was the aim of this study. methods: in this cross-sectional applied study, we reviewed the relevant literature and interviewed with 5 experts to introduce various indices of measuring the extent and nature of outsourcing. we recommended 6 si...

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ARM (Application Response Measurement) is a standard of The Open Group for measuring the performance and availability of business transactions, and their subtransactions. A new version of the standard for use in Java programs, ARM 3.0 for Java, has been specified and submitted for approval. This paper analyzes the performance of a reference implementation of the new version, and the additional ...

We show that the discrete complex, and numerous hypercomplex, Fourier transforms defined and used so far by a number of different researchers can be unified into a single theoretical framework based on a matrix exponential version of Euler’s formula e = cos θ + j sin θ, and a matrix root of −1 isomorphic to the imaginary root j. The transforms thus defined can be computed numerically using stan...

Location privacy is of utmost concern for location-based services. It is the property that a person’s location is revealed to other entities, such as a service provider or the person’s friends, only if this release is strictly necessary and authorized by the person. We study how to achieve location privacy for a service that alerts people of nearby friends. Here, location privacy guarantees tha...

Naturally, deformed rocks commonly contain crack arrays (joints) forming patterns with systematic relationships to the large-scale deformation. Kinematically, joints can be mode-1, -2 or -3 or combinations of these, but there is no overarching theory for the development of the patterns. We develop a model motivated by dislocation pattern formation in metals. The problem is formulated in one dim...

We extend the mechanism for noise-induced phase transitions proposed by Ibañes et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 020601 (2001)] to pattern formation phenomena. In contrast with known mechanisms for pure noise-induced pattern formation, this mechanism is not driven by a short-time instability amplified by collective effects. The phenomenon is analyzed by means of a modulated mean field approximation ...

Reports of how different countries are responding to the need to develop more integrated health and social care services for older adults can provide useful lessons for other health systems. However an understanding of how the wider structural, political, economic and cultural context affects implementation of these models of care is essential when considering the potential for models to be sca...

The implementation of modern ERP solutions has introduced tremendous opportunities as well as challenges into the realm of intensely competent businesses. The ERP implementation phase is a very costly and time-consuming process. The failure of the implementation may result in the entire business to fail or to become incompetent. This fact along with the complexity of data streams has led ...