Crime generates external costs for individuals and social costs for nations. This chapter reviews the dominant theoretical paradigms that underlie national estimates of the cost of crime and reviews the empirical methodologies that have been employed in the extant literature. The chapter closes with a brief review of empirical estimates of the costs of crime to crime victims. In the United Stat...

The institution of criminal punishment is a part the statelegal mechanism coercive influence on population to stimulate lawabiding behavior and prevent law violation. history Russian contains more than thousand years experience in consolidating this law. At different stages state development, system punishments other measures nature had significant differences due various socio-economic, politi...

In the survey about juvenile crime, it is obvious that the juvenile crime has been a prominent problem to impact the social stability and the economic construction. Based on the survey and research of above problem, the characters, forms, causes, and countermeasures of juvenile crime are discussed in detail in this article. The research result of this article is hoped to mobilize the power of t...

Our study is based on the traditional Becker-Ehrlich deterrence model, but we analyze the model in the face of currently discussed factors of crime like demographic changes, youth unemployment, and income inequality. We use a panel of the German Laender (states) that allows us to exploit different experiences in densely and sparsely populated areas as well as areas in East and West Germany. Our...

Urban area expansion is one of the most critical types of worldwide change, and most urban areas are experiencing increased growth in population and infrastructure development. Urban change leads to many changes in the daily activities of people living within an affected area. Many studies have suggested that urbanization and crime are related. However, they focused particularly on land uses, t...