This symposium explores the role of health as an 'economic engine' in the lower Mississippi River Delta region of the United States. The health as an economic engine model proposes that health is an important and perhaps critical determinant of economic growth and development. This model is the reverse of the more commonly considered paradigm in which economic conditions are major determinants ...

The EOQ and EPQ models with linear and fixed backorder costs are newly analyzed and all formulae are proven using only algebra. Two cases are identified, where backorders should and should not be allowed. The results are shown to include several known special cases. r 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This paper applies the pressure-state-response (PSR) model to establish environmental quality indices for 30 administrative regions in China from 2003 to 2011 and employs panel data analysis to study the relationships among the urbanization rate, economic development and environmental change. The results reveal a remarkable inverted-U-shaped relationship between the urbanization rate and change...

In this study the uptake and metabolism of adenosine by mitochondria has been investigated. Incubation of CEM cells mitochondria preparation with [3H] -adenosine showed substantial uptake and metabolism of adenosine. Adenosine was both anabolized to AMP, ADP and ATP, and also catabolized to inosine. The highest concentration of metabolites in extracted mitochondria was due to AMP. The mito...

BACKGROUND Socioeconomic disadvantage and other social stressors in childhood have been linked with cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood; however the mechanisms underlying these observed associations and the timing of their emergence are unclear. The aim of this review was to evaluate research that examined relationships between socioeconomic disadvantage and other social stressors in relation...

Conifers are the most important group of gymnosperms, which include tree species of great ecological and economic importance that dominate large ecosystems and play an essential role in global carbon fixation. Nitrogen (N) economy has a special importance in these woody plants that are able to cope with seasonal periods of growth and development over a large number of years. As N availability i...

Many animal species live in close association with commensal and symbiotic microbes (microbiota). Recent studies have revealed that the status of gastrointestinal tract microbiota can influence nutrition-related syndromes such as obesity and type-2 diabetes, and perhaps aging. These morbidities have a profound impact in terms of individual suffering, and are an increasing economic burden to mod...

Plants produce hundreds of thousands of small molecules known as specialized metabolites, many of which are of economic and ecological importance. This remarkable variety is a consequence of the diversity and rapid evolution of specialized metabolic pathways. These novel biosynthetic pathways originate via gene duplication or by functional divergence of existing genes, and they subsequently evo...

To understand the rationale behind recommended control programs for liver flukes in cattle, the economic impact and the complex life cycle of Fasciola hepatica need to be appreciated. Fluke-infected cattle rarely demonstrate clinical disease, but subclinical impairment of feed efficiency, growth, and fertility can have an important impact on productivity. Although the precise benefit from contr...