The ability to extend the elbow following stroke depends on the magnitude and direction of torques acting at the shoulder. The mechanisms underlying this link remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the effects of shoulder loading on elbow function were related to weakness or its distribution in the paretic limb. Ten subjects with longstanding hemiparesis performed mov...

Feedback control of our limbs must account for the unexpected offset of mechanical perturbations. Here we examine the evoked activity of elbow flexor and extensor muscles to torque pulses lasting 22-152 ms and how torque offset impacts activity in the long-latency (45-100 ms) and voluntary epochs (120-180 ms). For each pulse width, we found a significant attenuation of muscle activity approxima...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of age on the ability to exert steady forces and to perform steady flexion movements with the muscles that cross the elbow joint. An isometric task required subjects to exert a steady force to match a target force that was displayed on a monitor. An anisometric task required subjects to raise and lower inertial loads so that the angular disp...

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of practice on time to failure of a submaximal contraction with the elbow flexor muscles and on reflex inhibition from brachioradialis afferents onto biceps brachii motor neurons. Fifteen subjects practiced sustaining an isometric contraction (20% of maximum) with the elbow flexors until failure. Spike-triggered stimulation was used to asses...

background: lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow, is the most common overuse syndrome of the elbow. the severity of pain may not be directly caused by tendinopathy of wrist extensors since trigger points of the shoulder muscles have a referral zone in the arm and elbow. therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dry needling of shoulder myofascial trigger points ...

ANATOMY The anatomical course of the ulnar nerve renders it particularly vulnerable at the elbow and at the wrist. At both sites the nerve or its terminal branches pass through narrow canals in which small space-occupying lesions may exert pressure. As the nerve crosses the elbow it passes from the extensor aspect of the arm into the flexor mass of the forearm, running between the two heads of ...

Twenty canine elbows were examined by low-field MRI. The objective of this study was to compare five magnetic resonance sequences: High Resolution Gradient Echo in the sagittal plane, XBONE T2 in the sagittal plane, Spin Echo T1 in the sagittal plane, Spin Echo T1 in the dorsal plane and 3D SST1 and XBONE T1 in the transverse plane, and to determine which sequences have the highest diagnostic v...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The active force generated by a single muscle fiber is greatest in midrange. In healthy subjects, the reduced muscle force at short muscle length is partially compensated by modified patterns of muscle activation, probably central in origin. These patterns are presumed to be deficient after stroke. We examined the excitability muscle-length relation in stroke patients and...