objectives: it is well known that neuromuscular function is temperature sensitive. changing of muscle temperature can effect voluntary muscle contraction. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cooling and heating on maximal isometric force generated by the elbow flexor musculature in male subjects. methods: forty five healthy males encompassing 3 groups participated in the cur...

BACKGROUND The medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) is an important passive stabilizer to the valgus stresses that athletes experience during overhead throwing motion. However, the role of the flexor-pronator muscles as active stabilizers to valgus stress is not well defined in the literature. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relative contribution of the individual flexor-pr...

Forelimb trajectory and the activity of eight muscles operating at the elbow, wrist and digit joints were analyzed during contact placing (CP) reactions elicited by tactile stimuli applied to the lateral (L) or medial (M) side of the cat's forepaw to verify whether a common movement strategy was used in these reactions. A tactile stimulus applied to the lateral side of the paw led, most frequen...

Twenty-four men (n = 11) and women (n = 13) supported an inertial load equivalent to 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction force with the elbow flexor muscles for as long as possible while maintaining a constant elbow angle at 90 degrees. Endurance time did not differ on the three occasions that the task was performed (320 +/- 149 s; P > 0.05), and there was no difference between women (360 ...

muscles. These flexor muscles move the fingers through cordlike extensions called tendons, which connect the muscles to bone. The flexor muscles start at the elbow and forearm regions, turn into tendons just past the middle of the forearm, and attach to the bones of the fingers (see Figure 1). In the finger, the tendons pass through tunnels that keep them close to the bones, which helps them wo...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that the demands placed on the medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow when it is subjected to valgus torque during throwing exceed its failure strength, which suggests the necessary dynamic contribution of muscle forces. We hypothesized that the flexor-pronator mass assists the medial ulnar collateral ligament in stabilizing the elbow against va...

[Purpose] To evaluate the relationships between residual strength deficits (RSD) of the upper limb muscles and the performance in bimanual activities and to determine which muscular group would best explain the performance in bimanual activities of chronic stroke individuals. [Subjects and Methods] Strength measures of handgrip, wrist extensor, elbow flexor/extensor, and shoulder flexor muscles...

BACKGROUND Medial epicondylitis, or golfer's/pitcher's elbow, develops as a result of medial stress overload on the flexor muscles at the elbow and presents as pain at the medial epicondyle. Cervical radiculopathy has been associated with lateral epicondylitis, but few associations between the cervical spine and medial epicondylitis have been made. Researchers propose that there is an associati...

Repetitive valgus stress of the elbow can result in excessive strain or rupture of the native medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL). The flexor-pronator mass (FPM) may be particularly important for elbow valgus stability in overhead-throwing athletes. The aim of this study was to identify the relative contribution of each muscle of the FPM--that is, the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), flexor digi...

Mechanical advantage of the muscles controlling flexion and extension of the elbow joint has been a focus of many primate locomotion studies. These studies have tended to concentrate on either the triceps brachii muscle (TBM), an elbow extensor, or the biceps brachii muscle (BBM), an elbow flexor. The anatomical mechanical advantage (AMA) of these muscles, an approximation of their effective me...