With the increase in surgery done in an ambulatory surgical setting, anesthetic techniques must be evolved whereby patients awaken quickly with minimal side effects and are released home with no fear of recurring anesthetic problems. An experimental study using sufentanil in three combinations of anesthetic agents in a balanced anesthetic technique is presented. Patients (N = 60) scheduled to u...

INTRODUCTION Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem with no simple solution. This review highlights factors that are known to increase the risk of PONV. It examines the various data on pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods that have been used to prevent PONV. METHODS Peer-reviewed journals on the subject were covered. CONCLUSION Patient, surgical and anaesthe...

The antiemetic properties of a novel neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, FK886 ([3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl][(2R)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzyl)-4-{2-[(2S)-2-(methoxymethyl)morpholin-4-yl]ethyl}piperazin-1-yl]methanone dihydrochloride), were studied in dog models of cisplatin- and apomorphine-induced emesis. Intravenously administered FK886 (0.32-1 mg/kg) significantly inhibited cisplatin...

Parker and her colleagues begin their chapter with a fundamental question, i.e., what is the nature of aversion learning. Specifically, they describe the early work of Garcia and his colleagues who interpreted the avoidance of taste associated with various toxic treatments to be a function of conditioned nausea or conditioned disgust. According to this interpretation, the association between th...

BACKGROUND The acute antiemetic effect was compared between oral azasetron and intravenous granisetron based on the 5-hydroxytryptamine(3) (5-HT(3)) receptor occupancy theory. PATIENTS AND METHODS Receptor occupancy was estimated from reported data on plasma concentrations and affinity constants to 5-HT(3) receptor. A randomized non-inferiority study comparing acute antiemetic effects between...

Nausea and vomiting are two of the most distressing side effects of chemotherapy. Guidelines recommend the use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists as a pharmacologic intervention for acute and delayed nausea and vomiting for moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Although newer antiemetics and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are available, ondansetron and granisetron still are used widely. A revie...

Objective To characterize migraine pathophysiology, presentation, and current treatment strategies, specifically in regard to vestibulocochlear manifestations of migraine. Methods Narrative review available literature. Results Migraine disorder can be described as a spectrum otologic manifestations, with vestibular now recognized fully-fledged diagnostic criteria. Otologic are theorized due, pa...

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of sodium carbonate and apomorphine in a historical cohort of dogs, compare the occurrence of emesis and report any adverse effects recorded. METHODS This historical, observational study included information from medical records of dogs that received an emetic agent. The occurrence of emesis with apomorphine or sodium carbonate was calculated and the association ...

IN INDLA cataract surgery is a major problem. We consider any person above 60 years of age as a potential cataract patient if he is not one already. Through lack of education, the cooperation of the patient in intra-ocular surgery is not all one would like it to be, and it is therefore best not to rely on the patient's cooperation but to administer suitable sedatives. Chlorpromazine promises to...

The sedative effects of nitrazepam in a dose of 5 mg and 10 mg have been compared with Mandrax, a combination of methaqualone 250 mg with diphenhydramine 25 mg. Studies were carried out in gynaecological patients undergoing minor surgical operations using the scoring system previously described. The degree of sedation obtained after administration of the two dose levels of nitrazepam was compar...