BACKGROUND Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus has been of public health concern since 2003. Probable risk factors for A(H5N1) transmission to human have been demonstrated in several studies or epidemiological reports. However, transmission patterns may differ according to demographic characteristics of the population and local practices. This article aggregates these data from thr...

In the residential area of the North Coast of the Persian Gulf, consumption of fish is a possible source of exposure to heavy metals and other pollutants, all of which may act as potential risk factors for serious syndromes and fatal diseases. Health risks associated with Pb, Cd, and Hg were assessed based on the target hazard quotients (THQ), which can be derived from concentrations of heavy m...

conclusions because a considerable number of idus in iran are receiving reduction services, tailoring services for prevention of hepatitis infection are necessary. results hcv infection was found to be primarily associated with female gender [odds ratio (or) 5.0, 95% confidence interval (ci) 2.0-10.0)], unmarried status (or 2.9, 95% ci 1.9-4.4), drug use for more than 10 years (or 2.7, 95% ci 1...

This review paper compares the differences in prevalence, and environmental and genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease between Chinese and Caucasian subjects. Comparison of age-specific prevalence between Chinese people and Caucasians suggests that the prevalence is lower in the Chinese (at least in the past), although the prevalence rate in China appears to be rising. Distinctions in env...

cancer is uncontrolled and unrestricted growth of malignant cells in the body. it is a multifactorial disease which either heredity or environmental factors (such as nutrition, physical inactivity, alcohol, obesity, exposure to sun, environmental pollutants, infections) contribute to the incidence of cancer. in recent years, several lines of research have focused on obesity as a potent risk fac...

conclusions the high incidence density of diarrhea among the children recruited in this study indicates the need for educational programs directed at people who are involved in this issue. results the incidence of acute diarrhea among the 0 - 1-year-old children was 26.7 cases per 1,000 children per month. independent risk factors for the occurrence of diarrhea were maternal age under 20 years ...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none fa background : this study aimed to determine the types of elder abuse, their risk factors and the characteristics of abusers among abused elderly people aged above 60 years in isfahan. methods : in this descriptive cross-sectional study, abused elderly individuals aged above 60 years that referred to the centers of competent jurisdiction with complaint a...

background and purpose: identifying the risk factors of hepatitis c، b، and hiv is necessary to prevent their increasing prevalence. therefore، we sought to identify the frequency of their risk factors among the homeless of tehran، iran during 2005 to 2007. methods and materials: this descriptive analytical study was conducted during 2005 to 2007 on the homeless population of tehran، iran. two ...