For superficial esophageal cancer, conventional endoscopic mucosal resection with cap (EMRC) has been widely prevailed for reliable and safety treatment1. Recent innovations of diagnostic endoscopy including high-resolution endoscopy, narrow band imaging (NBI), and magnified endoscopy allow detect and identify more small lesions of the GI tract, and endoscopist are forced to develop their skill...

Hermann, Gerlinda E., R. Alberto Travagli, and Richard C. Rogers. Esophageal-gastric relaxation reflex in rat: dual control of peripheral nitrergic and cholinergic transmission. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R1570–R1576, 2006. First published January 26, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00717.2005.—It has long been known that the esophageal distension produced by swallowing elicits a pow...

In view of surgery, GERD is the failure of the antireflux barrier, allowing abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. It is a mechanical disorder, which is caused by a defective lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a gastric emptying disorder, or failed esophageal peristalsis. These abnormalities result in a spectrum of disease ranging from symptoms only, such as "heartburn", to esop...

Incidence of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia has risen dramatically over the past 2 decades in the U. S., for reasons that are not yet clear. A number of common medications (e.g., calcium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, and certain asthma medications) promote gastroesophageal reflux by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Reflux is thought to increase ...

BACKGROUND Esophageal and gastric cancers differ in their epidemiology but have several risk factors in common. The aim of this study was to assess age and sex differences in the burden of esophageal and gastric cancers in the context of the global obesity epidemic. METHODS Data from 50 countries were obtained from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume X and GLOBOCAN 2012. Age-specific a...

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of initiation of transient upper esophageal sphincter relaxation (TUESR) caused by gastric air distension. Cats (n = 31) were decerebrated, EMG electrodes were placed on the cricopharyngeus, a gastric fistula was formed, and a strain gauge was sewn on the lower esophageal sphincter (n = 8). Injection of air (114 ± 13 ml) in the stomach caused...

Esophagectomy and esophageal replacement with a gastric tube are the procedures of choice for resectable esophageal carcinoma. Postoperative stricture at the level of the esophagogastric anastomosis is a wellknown complication of this procedure. Much less common is the development of a benign fistula communicating the gastric tube and the airway. We report the clinical case of a patient in whom...

Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder that is characterized by a loss of peristalsis in the distal esophagus and failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. The risk of developing esophageal motility disorders, including achalasia, following bariatric surgery is controversial and differs based on the type of surgery. Most of the reported cases occurred with laparoscopic adjusta...

Nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive (NOS-IR) neurons in the rat caudal dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) project selectively to the gastric fundus and may be involved in vagal reflexes controlling gastric distension. This study aimed to identify the gastric projections of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) DMV neurons, whether such neurons colocalize NOS-IR, and if they are acti...