In this paper, a dynamic evidential clustering algorithm (DEC) is introduced to address the computational burden of existing methods. To derive such solution, an FCM-like objective function first employed and minimized obtain support levels real singletons (specific) clusters which query objects belong, then initially adaptively assigned outlier, precise or imprecise one via new rule-based on c...

This talk reports on a joint project with Norry Ogata on the semantics of Japanese evidentials. Until recently, evidential expressions have not received much attention in the (formal) semantic literature. This situation has changed in the last few years; influential work by Izvorski (1997) and Faller (2002), for instance, has inspired a good deal of work. The consensus at this point seems to be...

Speakers’ intuitions, philosophical categories and traditional grammars have long considered some types of sentences, namely passives and middles, as the reversed or semantically synonymous mirror image of another construction type, namely active sentences. As soon as by Aristotle, pathos was proposed as a category that represented a way of approaching the relationship between participants in a...

The voice category, being one of the main verbal categories in a language, is traditionally considered to be discrete. It means that if there are two voice forms (active and passive) in a language, a verbal form may belong either to the active or to the passive voice; if there are three kinds of voice forms (active, passive and medium), then a verbal form may belong to one of these three. There...

Immunotherapy is divided into two overlapping categories, active and passive. The goal of active immunotherapy is the stimulation of host ant ¡tumorimmunity, either cellular or hu moral. This can be accomplished in a direct or specific fashion by using tumor vaccines to generate an immune response to tumor-associated antigens. Nonspecific antitumor immunity can be propagated by compounds such ...

This paper evaluates the effect of excise taxes and bans on smoking in public places on the exposure to tobacco smoke of non-smokers. We use a novel way of quantifying passive smoking: we use data on cotinine concentrationa metabolite of nicotinemeasured in a large population of non-smokers over time. Exploiting state and time variation across US states, we reach two important conclusions. Firs...

This paper studies the development of category evidentiality in language. The authors provide definition term and specify features linguosynergetic approach to study a discursive context. expediency turning analysis framework is argued. In addition, synergistic evidential model described. Further, peculiarities linkage with categories authorization, personality, temporality, perception space ma...

Research on how information should be studied during inductive category learning has identified both interleaving of categories and blocking by category as beneficial for learning. Previous work suggests that this mixed evidence can be reconciled by taking into account within- and between-category similarity relations. In this article, we present a new moderating factor. Across two experiments,...

eqn (2.189) (/ pP −m) γ u(pP) = 0 (/ p−m) γ u(pP) = 0 eqn (2.276) +1 following eqn (2.276) following eqn (2.278) eqn (2.361) −1 transform as transform as (normal ordering is implicitly assumed) eqn (2.378) −1 a parity transformation a passive parity transformation eqn (2.385) −1 The transformation The active transformation eqn (2.404) −1 The transformation The active transformation eqn (2.408) ...