Field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) are important factors affecting irrigation scheduling and field management. FC and PWP can be estimated from some of the soil physical and chemical properties. Pressure Plate apparatus is usually used for determination of FC and PWP, but this is a time-consuming and laborious procedure besides, the apparatus may not be available in many labo...

abstract the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using model essays on the development of writing proficiency of iranian pre-intermediate efl learners. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 55 pre- intermediate learners of parsa language institute were chosen by means of administering proficiency test. based on the results of the pretest, two matched groups, one as the expe...