Objective: Our primary objective was to compare the difference in number of cervical excisional procedures in women <25 years with high grade cytology or histology who were managed expectantly versus those who underwent immediate excision. We hypothesized that women <25 years with high-grade cytology (HSIL, ASC-H, LSIL-H, AIS and AGC) or histology (CIN2 or greater) managed expectantly would hav...

The objective of this study is to summarize the experiences of our department in the management of heterotopic pregnancy (HP) and to analyze the influence of different treatment modality on the viable intrauterine pregnancy. There were 64 patients diagnosed as HP in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in our hospital between January 2003 and June 2014, 52 HP patients with viable intraut...

Objective To determine neonatal outcomes (perinatal mortality and special care unit admission) and maternal outcomes (mode of delivery, delivery complications) of elective induction of labour compared with expectant management. Design Retrospective cohort study using an unselected population database. SettingConsultant andmidwife led obstetric units in Scotland 1981-2007. Participants 1 271 549...

Question: Is an elective colectomy after the first episode of diverticulitis in patients under 50 years, or after the second episode in patients over 50 years, preferable to a strategy of expectant management until after the fourth episode? Design: A Markov model was used to determine the lifetime risks of death and colostomy, quality of life and costs associated with elective colectomy after t...

Background: Infertility is unexplained in about 22% - 28% of infertile couples. Spontaneous pregnancy may occur them. If did not happen, Expectant management will be via clomiphene citrate (CC) administration, intrauterine insemination (IUI), and IVF & ICSI. Aim: to assess the effectiveness with mild controlled ovarian stimulation compared expectant couples infertility more than one year. Metho...