Noun phrases consisting of a sequence of nouns (sometimes referred to as nominal compounds) pose considerable difficulty for language analyzers but are common in many technical domains. The problems are compounded when some of the nouns in the sequence are ambiguously also verbs. The phrasal approach to language analysis, as implemented in PHRAN (PHRasal ANalyzer), has been extended to handle t...

BACKGROUND The Sixth Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) Natural Language Processing Challenge for Clinical Records focused on the temporal relations in clinical narratives. The organizers provided the research community with a corpus of discharge summaries annotated with temporal information, to be used for the development and evaluation of temporal reasoning systems. 18...

Temporal expressions that refer to a part of a calendar area in terms of common calendar divisions are studied. Our claim is that such a “calendar expression" (CE) can be described by a succession of operators operating on a calendar base (CB). These operators are categorized: a pointing operator that transform a CB into a CE; a focalizing/shifting operator that reduces or shifts the CE into an...

We analyze the performance of SUTIME, a temporal tagger for recognizing and normalizing temporal expressions, on TempEval-3 Task A for English. SUTIME is available as part of the Stanford CoreNLP pipeline and can be used to annotate documents with temporal information. Testing on the TempEval-3 evaluation corpus showed that this system is competitive with state-of-the-art techniques.

Coherence relations have usually been taken to link clauses and larger units. After arguing that some phrases can be seen as discourse units, a computational account for such phrases is presented that integrates surface-based criteria with inferential ones. This approach can be generalized to treat intra-sentential cue-phrases. Since cue-phrases are not always present, referential relations bet...

Linguistic combinations are referred to as a chain of words that associate with one another and form a semantic phrases, such as adjectival and noun. Innovation in this field is one of the main tasks of creative poetry. Shams's sonnets are of the prominent works of Persian literature and their composition is characterized by its stylistic features. In order to express his sublime and mystical t...

Communicative language use largely entails regular patterns consisting of pre-constructed phrases or sequences. These sequences have been examined by many researchers to find the situation-based formulas which may help L2 learners follow a possibly more target-like speaking system. This study, therefore, explored two categories of formulaic expressions including speech formulas and situation-bo...

Abstract In this corpus-informed cross-linguistic study, we focus on (1) ‘phraseology markers’ (PMs), which are recurrent and fixed word combinations used to demarcate instances of linguistic prefabrication, (2) novelty markers (NMs), conventional expressions that mark novel phrasings either new or familiar conceptualizations. Both classes have been largely neglected in phraseological studies c...

Numerical noun phrases (NNPs) are ambiguous between at least two and exactly interpretations. This ambiguity has been commonly discussed as a case of Scalar Implicature (SI), where meaning is enriched by exclusion an alternative. But the SI approach to NNPs also widely challenged. We tested scalar expressions in inference tasks found that scalars were sensitive manipulation altered relevance al...