The highly variable solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is the major energy input to the Earth’s upper atmosphere, strongly impacting the geospace environment, affecting satellite operations, communications, and navigation. The Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) will measure the solar EUV irradiance from 0.1 to 105 nm with un...

The solar spectrum at the top of atmosphere contains crucial data for physics, astronomy, and geophysics. Accurately determining high-resolution reference spectra, whether they are disk-integrated, disk-center, or intermediate cases, represents a new challenge is primary importance all applications where spectral radiation needs to be evaluated. These spectra also essential interpreting remote ...

Most He in deep-sea sediments is derived from fine-grained extraterrestrial matter known as interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). These particles, typically\50 lm in diameter, are sufficiently small to retain solar windimplanted He with high He/He ratios during atmospheric entry heating. This extraterrestrial He (HeET) is retained in sediments for geologically long durations, having been detect...

BACKGROUND Despite a long period of development, there are still considerable variations in the spectral output, the levels of irradiance, and irradiated area provided by commercial phototherapy systems. These variations depend on the types and output of the lamps used to produce the phototherapy, along with the design of the systems, and principally on whether the phototherapy is provided from...

Identifying the environmental factors driving larval settlement processes is crucial to understand the population dynamics of marine invertebrates. This work aims to go a step ahead and predict larval presence and intensity. For this purpose we consider the influence of solar irradiance, wind regime and continental runoff on the settlement processes. For the first time, we conducted a 5-years w...

An important question in solar physics is to what extent solar surface magnetism affects the solar irradiance. Previous attempts to answer this question have employed proxies of the magnetic field to reconstruct the irradiance and compare it with observations. Here we present the first model calculations of solar irradiance variations based on variations of the surface distribution of the solar...

Variability of photovoltaic (PV) power output is a potential concern to utilities because it can lead to voltage changes on the distribution system and have other adverse impacts on power quality unless additional equipment is added or operational practices are changed to mitigate these effects. This paper develops and evaluates a simple yet novel approach for quantifying irradiance variability...

Virtually our entire knowledge of the universe comes from two sorts of measurement of the electromagnetic radiation from the stars and galaxies within it; either their flux through relatively wide bandpasses (photometry), or measurements of the shape and wavelength of relatively narrow lines via spectroscopy. These techniques are now being used to discover planets outside our solar system, and ...

A methodology for the mobility evaluation and mission oriented performance assessment of an autonomous mobile robot is developed. The evaluation strategy uses both time and energy based measures resulting in the development of isochronal/isoenergy contours which characterize the expected mobility of the robot over novel terrain using sample trials on patches of land prior to the mission. This w...

The optical reference plane of a J1002 shaped dome diffuser from CMS-Schreder was determined using direct normal spectral solar UV irradiance measurements relative to a flat Teflon diffuser. The spectroradiometers were calibrated relative to the same irradiance standard. The optical reference plane of the shaped J1002 diffuser is 5.3 mm behind the top of the dome with an uncertainty of 1.0 mm. ...