Microcentrifuge tubes containing 8 x 10(6) purified oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum suspended in 400 microliters of deionized water were stored at 5 degrees C for 168 h or frozen at -10, -15, -20, and -70 degrees C for 1 h to 168 h and then thawed at room temperature (21 degrees C). Fifty microliters containing 10(6) oocysts was administered to each of five to seven neonatal BALB/c mice by ga...

BACKGROUND The embryo of the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis has a total, unequal and invariant early cleavage pattern. It specifies cell fates earlier than other arthropods, including Drosophila, as individual blastomeres of the 8-cell stage are allocated to the germ layers and the germline. Furthermore, the 8-cell stage is amenable to embryological manipulations. These unique features make Par...

the post-larval development of the majid crab Maja brachydactyla Balss, 1922 was studied using laboratoryreared larvae obtained from adult individuals collected in the ne atlantic. the morphology of the first juvenile stage is described in detail, while the most relevant morphological changes and sexual differentiation are highlighted for subsequent juvenile stages, until juvenile 8. the charac...

Single preimplantation embryo mRNA diff erential display was used to study the gene expression of 2-cell,4cell, and 8-16-cell stage goat embryos produced in vitro, and 16 diff erent stage specifi c bands in total were screened. In these specifi c bands, 5 were in 2-cell stage, 4 were in 4-cell stage, and 7 were in 8-16-cell stage, respectively. Th e sequencing and alignment results suggested th...

the possible alleviating effects of salicylic acid on protection of cowpea (vigna unguiculata) cv. parastu under water stress conditions were investigated in the university of zanjan agriculture research station during 2008. water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation at 50% flowering (flowering water stress, fws) and when 50% of the pods grew 2-3cm (pod-formation water stress, pfws). sa...

We have examined the roles of RNA-coat protein (CP) interactions in the assembly of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV). The viral genomic RNA encodes only the CP, which comprises a β-barrel domain connected to a positively charged N-terminal extension. In the previous crystal structures of this system, the first 11 residues of the protein are disordered. Using variants of an RNA aptamer se...

in order to evaluate the effect of sulphur fertilizer and nitrogen split application on yield and its components of sunflower (helianthus annuus l .),an experiment was carried out at the research field of birjand faculty of agriculture in 2008 as factorial in complete randomized block design with three replicates.the treatments were sulphur fertilizer in four levels ( 0 , 200 , 400 and 800 kg/h...

Members of the Pbx family are involved in a diverse range of developmental processes including axial patterning and organogenesis. Pbx functions are in part mediated by the interaction of Pbx proteins with members of the Hox and Meis/Prep families. We have identified a fourth mammalian Pbx family member. Pbx4 in the mouse and PBX4 in humans are located on chromosome 8 and chromosome 19, respect...

We have investigated the development of reconstituted embryos in which enucleated 1- or 2-cell embryos received various advanced nuclei. Enucleated 1-cells developed to the blastocyst stage only when an early 2-cell donor nucleus was transferred but very rarely if the donor nucleus was derived from a late 2-cell, early 4-cell or mid 8-cell embryo. Although an 8-cell nucleus could only support d...