A new block method of order two for the numerical solution of initial value problems is derived. This method is similar to the block Trapezoidal rule [12] , where the low power of the block size appear in the principal local truncation error. Direct comparison with result relating to the block Trapezoidal rule results obtained in [1] is made.

ne of the greatest challenges for software developers is forecasting the development effort for a software system for the last decades. The capability to provide a good estimation on software development efforts is necessitated by the project managers. Software effort estimation models divided into two main categories: algorithmic and non-algorithmic. Developers should be able to achieve practi...

We present a solution procedure for a quadratic programming problem with some probabilistic constraints where the model parameters are either triangular fuzzy number or trapezoidal fuzzy number. Randomness and fuzziness are present in some real-life situations, so it makes perfect sense to address decision making problem by using some specified random variables and fuzzy numbers. In the present...

Fuzzy Linear Programming models are quite frequent in practice. The dynamic nature of the real problems often requires reoptimize from the optimal solutions found, what may mean a significant consumption of time and funds. In this paper, in order to efficiently solve this problem, first the optimality conditions and the duality results for fully fuzzy linear programming problems (all parameters...

It is well known that the trapezoidal rule converges geometrically when applied to analytic functions on periodic intervals or the real line. The mathematics and history of this phenomenon are reviewed and it is shown that far from being a curiosity, it is linked with computational methods all across scientific computing, including algorithms related to inverse Laplace transforms, special funct...

Fuzzy set theory has been applied to many fields, such as operations research, control theory, and management sciences. We consider two classes of fuzzy linear programming (FLP) problems: Fuzzy number linear programming and linear programming with trapezoidal fuzzy variables problems. We state our recently established results and develop fuzzy primal simplex algorithms for solving these problem...

Ranking fuzzy numbers plays a main role in many applied models inreal world and in particular decision-making procedures. In manyproposed methods by other researchers may exist some shortcoming.The most commonly used approaches for ranking fuzzy numbers isbased on defuzzification method. Many ranking fuzzy numberscannot discriminate between two symmetric fuzzy numbers withidentical core. In 200...

The aim of this paper is to study multi-objective assignment problem with imprecise costs, time and ineffectiveness instead of its precise information. Here, elements of cost matrix, consumed time matrix and ineffectiveness level matrix have been represented by generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers as it is suitable way to represent the impreciseness of values provided by the decision makers du...

A “scoring rule” is an assignment of a value to every tuple (of varying sizes). This paper is concerned with the issue of how to modify a scoring rule to apply to the case where weights are assigned to the importance of each argument. We give an explicit formula for incorporating weights that can be applied no matter what the underlying scoring rule is. The formula is surprisingly simple, in th...

The effects of cutting edge shapes on the phenomena of rubbing and ploughing in nano-abrasive machining were investigated. The shapes under investigation include flat, spherical and trapezoidal shapes. The tool with the flat end geometry shows a fast initiation of ploughing, because it has the largest surface area to engage more atoms. It doesn’t show rubbing phenomenon at the (initial) depth o...