We study perturbations that break gauge symmetries in lattice theories. As a paradigmatic model, we consider the three-dimensional Abelian-Higgs (AH) model with an N-component scalar field and noncompact field, which is invariant under U(1) SU(N) transformations. gauge-symmetry breaking are quadratic such as photon mass term, determine their effect on critical behavior of gauge-invariant focusi...

Abstract New method for construction of gauge-invariant deformed theory from an initial gauge proposed in our previous papers (Buchbinder and Lavrov JHEP 06:854, 2021; Buchbinder Eur Phys J C 81:856, 2021) closed/open algebras is extended to the case reducible algebras. The deformation procedure explicitly described with help generating functions anticanonical transformations depending on field...

Abstract Protection of gauge invariance in experimental realizations lattice theories based on energy-penalty schemes has recently stimulated impressive efforts both theoretically and setups quantum synthetic matter. A major challenge is the reliability such non-abelian where local conservation laws do not commute. Here, we show through exact diagonalization (ED) that can be reliably controlled...

According to the conventional notion, if a system has strict gauge symmetry, the mass of gauge field in the lagrangian must be zero [1 ]. With the development of the gauge theory, this notion has already been changed. In the gauge theory developed by Wu [2 ], under the precondition that the system has strict gauge symmetry, the theory contains massive gauge bosons. In fact, this result holds no...