During the past two decades, a variety of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been proposed in the literature. As pointed out in some recent studies, however, the performance of an MOEA can strongly depend on the Pareto front shape of the problem to be solved, whereas most existing MOEAs show poor versatility on problems with different shapes of Pareto fronts. To address this is...

This paper discusses meanings of intra-generational mobility when variables take values corresponding to either unordered or ordered categories. We propose concepts of maximum and minimum mobility, along with mobility-inducing transformations and related desirable properties. Then we axiomatically characterize indices of individual mobility and social mobility. Our first set of concepts, proper...

The vector evaluated particle swarm optimisation (VEPSO) algorithm was previously improved by incorporating nondominated solutions for solving multiobjective optimisation problems. However, the obtained solutions did not converge close to the Pareto front and also did not distribute evenly over the Pareto front. Therefore, in this study, the concept of multiple nondominated leaders is incorpora...

BACKGROUND Evidence is inconsistent as to whether or not there are health inequalities in adolescence according to socio-economic position (SEP) and whether or when they emerge in early adulthood. Despite the large health inequalities literature, few studies have simultaneously compared the relative importance of 'health selection' versus 'social causation' at this life-stage. This study follow...

The genetic programming of iterative concurrent programs written in the CCS process algebra is investigated. Using a generational genetic programming scheme, experiments succesfully evolved a cyclic concurrent program that performs a even-parity-2 analysis on a communicating input stream. The fitness evaluation strategy determines how well programs communicate with randomly generated streams of...

GENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN EVALUATION AND EXPRESSION OFLEADERSHIP STYLEby

The rate of infant mortality (IMR) in a population under one year age is marker for mortality. It major sensitive community’s overall physical health. Protecting the lives newborns has become challenging issue public health, development programs, and humanitarian initiatives. Almost 10.1% infants died United States America (USA) 2021. Therefore, this paper aims to extract understa...

The uses and impacts of information and communications technologies (ICTs), are not smooth, linear or fairy-tale like in dusting society with benefits. In development, adoption, uses and impacts, technologies shape, and are shaped by, social relations and social structures. Generational relations and structures are part of the socio-cultural processes by which ICTs become products, symbols, soc...

Generations, and generational categories, offer a means of organising our understandings of age and age-related issues. Particularly within practitioner-orientated debates, differences between generations are highlighted as creating tensions which organisations must address. In contrast, we offer a critical interrogation of generations and unpack the implications of particular constructions. Sp...

In this paper we analyze the possibilities of intergenerational risk sharing in a generational DB pension fund. Each generation is subject to discretionary investment, indexation and contribution policies, thereby losing intergenerational diversification gains. Intergenerational risk sharing is repaired by introducing contingent claims on the generational surplus or deficit. We find that in som...